Single Sex Classrooms

Single sex classrooms create opportunities that do not really exist in a coed classroom for students. Teachers can create learning strategies in all girl classrooms, and in all boy classrooms, which do not work as well in coed classrooms. Many public schools are beginning to adopt the single sex classroom ideas and seeing dramatic improvement with grades and test scores. The strongest proof yet, that separating boys and girls works, is the drastic improvement in grades for both sexes. But to simply place girls in a classroom and boys in another classroom is not going to work.Teachers should have special training for practical gender-specific classroom strategies and learn the best practices for these gender-separate classrooms. In the book â€Å"Gender and Education† the authors Barbara Banks, Sara Delamont, and Catherine Marshall specifically state: â€Å"Teacher interactions with students are at the heart of the hidden curriculum and are important means by which informal le ssons about gender are transmitted in schools† (Banks571). Single sex classrooms simply create more opportunities and a better learning environment for our children that coed classrooms do not create.Girls in all girl classrooms and boys in all boy classrooms are more likely to study subjects that they would not necessarily choose if the class was coed. It also expands ideas of educational opportunities and core values for both boys and girls, and the classes generate custom created learning strategies and instructions to better learning. Girls in all girl classrooms and boys in all boy classrooms are more likely to study subjects that they wouldn’t necessarily choose if the class was coeducational, in my opinion. Single sex classrooms bring a broader horizon for our students more so than coeducational classrooms.Kenneth Jost the author of Single Sex Education quotes in his book â€Å"Sex segregation and discrimination persists in high school programs around the countr y, 30 years after Congress passed a law barring such discrimination in education† (Jost1). Single sex education advocates say the solution is quite easy just let boys be boys and girls be girls. Leonard Sax states in his book â€Å"Boys Adrift† that â€Å"the solution is to let boys and girls attend separate classes, so that you can take advantage of the ‘sex differences’ in learning styles†(Sax,174).You breakdown stereotypes by letting the sexes be separate. When you put boys and girls together, it just increases the gender roles. The boys do things that are thought of as typical for boys, and girls do things that are thought of as typical for girls. You do not see many girls wanting to take classes such as welding class, building workshop, weight room, architect design, and sports education. There definitely would not be many boys wanting to take classes such as drama, art, home economics, sewing class, and foreign languages.So if you eliminate the gender bias and the need to impress the opposite sex, you would possibly begin to see boys' willingness to engage in what would be considered â€Å"feminine activities,† such as choir or drama club. Girls’ willingness to engage in â€Å"manly activities†, such as welding and building workshops, and pro-dominantly male sports may increase also. Single sex classrooms expand ideas, educational opportunities, and core values for both sexes. Leonard Sax states in his book â€Å"Boys Adrift†, â€Å"A boy does not naturally become a gentleman-by whom I mean, a man who is courteous, kind, and unselfish.That behavior is not hardwired. It has to be taught† (Sax163). Most boy schools make a point of teaching boys to be gentlemen, to have self-discipline, and how to be a leader. This may be more important to learn than their actual school work. â€Å"Teenage boys without strong leadership can easily become barbarians† (Sax165). Sax was correct when he stated this, and this is exactly what is wrong with our male population today. This is why I feel so strongly about these single sex teaching atmospheres.In coed schools, boys tend to adopt a masculine attitude because girls are there. They feel they have to demonstrate their masculinity by gross macho over-reaction. Boys in single-sex schools become more sensitive men, and they are more polite. All girl schools focus entirely on girls, to improve their learning and self-esteem. It also motivates girls to try and reach goals, that they normally may find unattainable, because it is a â€Å"guy thing†. If there are no guys around, there is nothing to hold them back.Single sex education helps girls overcome the male sexism that still exist in public schools, and girls are at center stage at all girl schools with only girls in the audience. Educational opportunities such as less sex bias in teacher-student interactions. Reducing sex differences in curricula and more successful ro le models for girls. Girls at single sex schools are more likely to take nontraditional classes such as physics and advanced math because they have the opportunity to excel in them.This is mostly related to smaller classes and there being no gender bias. Also, it installs values such as, to work for and achieve excellent grades, create greater self-esteem, good character development, responsibility, and leadership. â€Å"Girls receive less teacher attention than boys, feel less comfortable speaking out in class, and face threats of sexual harassment in school†(Barbara1), as Santa Barbara states in her article. If that is true, why would you not want your child in single sex classrooms, so they could learn without fear or embarrassment?The single sex organizational arrangement spared students the interruptions and distractive aspects that are normally in coeducational classrooms. If these classes are offered, maybe girls would focus more on their studies and grades, instead of their looks and clothing. Not having to worry or be afraid of harassment from boys. Also by separating the classes, the overall population would decrease, giving students smaller learning environments. Other opportunities that come from these classes are lessons that students relate to and want to learn.No girl wants to read a science fiction book, and no boy wants to read a love story. This causes teachers to have a tough time finding lessons to teach the class that both genders can relate to. But with single gender classes the teachers’ lesson can be more suitable for each gender. This makes learning experience more interesting and fun. Giving students more educational opportunities. Single Sex classrooms generate custom created learning strategies and instructions to better student learning. Teachers have to customize what they do, to the needs and abilities of each individual student.In single-sex schools, teachers are free to choose materials that fit the interests of t heir students. In coed schools, the females are often held back or held down to the abilities and interests of the males. Teachers should have special training for practical gender-specific classroom strategies and learn the best practices for the gender-separate classroom. Boys perceive the coed school as an institution run largely by women, and run largely according to women's rules: (examples: â€Å" sit still†, â€Å"don't make too much noise†, â€Å"don't be disruptive†, etc. ).They see that the majority of the top students are girls, and the â€Å"teacher's pet† is either a female or a geek. So, many boys may devalue academic excellence. If you're a male at a coed school, being an â€Å"A† student does not raise your status with other guys. At many coed schools, being an â€Å"A† student may actually lower your status with other boys. Girls and boys that attend same sex schools tend to have higher test scores and high grades in general , rather than their counterparts that go to coeducational schools. Boys' and girls' brains develop differently.These differences are especially significant for learning in the early years. Then, as they get older, girls and boys distract each other from academics because of normal social and sexual development. The needs of each sex are completely opposite therefor the emphasis of a school for boys should not be required to be the same as a school for girls. These classes and schools also benefit kids with learning disabilities. It gives them more time with a teacher and less distractions. Also, teachers are able to create lesson plans that help focus their attention on what they need to be learning.Statistics show that girls excel in reading and writing while boys excel more so in science and math. With single gender classrooms boys could excel in English because teachers could give them topics to write about that interest them. Unlike the topic the teacher would have to pick to go with a coeducational class. Boys could write about gladiators or soldiers, and the teacher not discourage them. But encourage them to become more detailed, even if it is not sweet or nice, because there are no girls in the class to compare it to.The issue to often is boys think writing stories is for girls and geeks. Real boys play games and sports. That is the message which many coed schools today are unintentionally giving to males. Teachers in all-boys schools can send a different message. â€Å"Girls are more likely to be excessively critical in evaluating their own academic performance. Conversely, boys tend to have unrealistically high estimates of their own academic abilities and accomplishments† (Pomerantz396). So with that statement I think teachers who teach single gender classes should focus on promoting girls to believe in themselves.These teachers should help boys to really focus on their academics, rather than let them think unrealistically and challenge them t o do better. Psychologists have found fundamental differences in what motivates females, compared to males. â€Å"Researchers have consistently found that girls are more concerned than boys are with pleasing adults, such as parents and teachers. Most boys, on the other hand, will be less motivated to study, unless the material itself interest them† (Pomerantz, Altermatt, & Saxon, 2002, p. 397). Boys and girls experience different academic difficulties.Therefore, maybe the best thing to do is separate the genders and have teachers who are qualified in teaching single gender classrooms teach them. Single sex classes and schools strive to help improve students’ achievement. Single sex schools are no longer limited to providing an alternative educational route for girls. Today, boys also need this type of school environment, in order to learn effectively and be productive young men. Single sex classes and schools can help bring about greater race and social-class equality. This has become the final frontier in creating true equality of educational opportunity for all. Studies have shown when public schools have tried the single gender classrooms the results are: a decrease in disciplinary problems, higher scores on standardized test, and over all educational achievement. The benefits of single-sex schools are not only just academics. Single-sex education has been shown to expand the students' outlook on life. Allowing freedom to explore one’s own strengths and interests in life. With no fear of gender stereotypes holding them back.

Implementing Computer Technology in Secondary Schools Essay

In 1999, The International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) conducted a study on pedagogical practices of teachers and students of elementary and secondary schools in 30 nations, and the role of technology the said practices (â€Å"The Second Information Technology in Education Study: Module 2†, n. d. ). It was found out that as of 1999, 12% of elementary students and 3% of those in intermediate and secondary schools do not have Internet access in their schools (â€Å"Computer Technology in Schools†, 1999). Such number would considerably be large still, if the period when the benefits of the application of computer technology in education was implied, is taken into account. Computer technology for the use of students in schools started out as computer laboratories (Lynch, 2000), which until now, is continuously evolving to becoming a tool for learning. That the integration of computer technology in schools is still on process, suggests that although its advantages have been persistently advocated, there are also powerful sociocultural and developmental forces that oppose its progression. According to Meredyth, et. al. , (1999), the status quo in the mode of instruction slows the efforts to integrate computer technology in secondary schools. At first, the people who were against the implementation of computer technology in schools argue that this would result in the replacement human instructors and making them obsolete (Richmond, n. d). As it becomes clear that the this would not necessarily become so, that is, there would only be an evolution of role from plain instructor to facilitator, the problem with the implementation now centers on the lack of physical resources (Richmond, n. d. ) and the instructors’ lack of training (Lynch, 2000). This implies that the role of computer technology in the education of secondary students per se is not, today, the major consideration in its application and the need for a clear definition of its role is necessary to speed up decisions on whether there is really a necessity for the addition or retention of the number of computer hardware in schools, or should there be in need of compulsory technical training for instructors. According to Richmond (n. d.), there are two major problems in the implementation of computer technology in education: (1) the goals and purposes of implementation are unclear; (2) the implementors do not fully understand the changes necessary for the implementation of technology in education. These problems must be addressed first if success is wanted. Although both are important aspects of the implementation, this paper will focus in defining the goal, purposes or role of computer technology in student achievement at the secondary school level. To understand this critical role, it is very important to know first the basics about some theories of learning and its current application to education technology. The theory of Cognitive Constructivism states that learning happens through the learners’ active efforts to assimilation new information imposed either by the instructor or by self-discovey (â€Å"Theories of Learning†, 2006). This means that learners must be able to relate what they learn to their experiences or experience the learning itself to be able to fully understand it. One example of this is driving. In order to learn to drive a vehicle, one must not only know that vehicles are powered by gasoline, controlled using a steering wheel, has a gas pedal to move forward or backward and a break pedal to make it stop. He or she has to experience driving to know and fully understand the significance of each theory he or she is made to know. And this experience is very important if he or she is to make life-or-death decisions once he or she takes the road. Computer technology, when related to learning may be applied in a similar way, by providing a means to simulate reality to give the students a feel of what may or may not happen as a result of their decisions. Such is the function of simulations: to instill in learners goals which are similar to reality and resultant feelings that are similar to what may happen in real life because of the as a result of the decisions imposed by the program. A lot of simulation programs have now been developed for different purposes. Sim City provides the learner-gamer an experience of building a city and a feel of becoming a Mayor. The learner-gamer is subconsciously taught of the importance of planning and how each decision might give a positive effect (here, in the form of increase in the city’s revenue) or negative (in the form of rallies and decrease in the city’s revenue). Business simulations provide learners with vicarious experience of actually owning and handling investments without the need of using or losing real money. Design programs provide the learner-designer with an idea or view of the possible perspectives or outcome of each design in mind and an opportunity to manipulate or change it according to his or her desires even before actual realization of the design. There are also simulations in many different subjects like biology physics and chemistry, which can provide the learner with the opportunity to visualize the theories and manipulate situations and then see the results as would happen if the theories are applied. Simulations have been used for decades by the aviation and military industry and just until recently, the costs of simulations have prevented smaller institutions to avail its benefits (Boehle, n. d. ). Although, still not cheap, mass production, added to the said drastic improvement in learning retention rates (Boehle, n. d. ), simulations provide a very efficient tool for learning. There is a 75-80% boost in learning retention rate for students in simulations (Boehle, n. d. ) Social Constructivism believes that knowledge is socially constructed, that is, retention of information is achieved through group efforts (â€Å"Theories of Learning†, 2006). † This is learning with others and through others’ input and ideas conjoined with one’s own. This theory emphasizes the importance of other’s opinion usually for the purpose of the improvement of the said work. Applied to computer technology in its role in secondary education, this allows for interaction among many different people, not limited to those in classroom but also stretches to people in different time zones. This allows for assimilation of new and varied ideas from different people from different places who usually have different ideas about different issues, strengthening ones reasoning and improving one’s knowledge about many different areas and at the same time improving one’s social skill. The most usual form of technology which applies the Social Constructivism theory is forums. A lot of forums can be found in the internet, all areas of knowledge with its own: arts, sciences, mathematics, and philosophy. The Theory of Behaviorism believes that knowledge is a â€Å"repertoire of behavioral responses to environmental stimuli (â€Å"Theories of Learning†, 2006). † According to this theory, learning happens through repetition and reinforcement, usually with the instructor speaking and the learner, listening. This learning theory is opposite of Cognitive Constructivism in that learners gain knowledge passively. This is the most common type of instructional mode used in schools. Still, this instructional mode can also be applied to computer technology. Tutorials in cd’s are now widely available in the market. These products simulate what and how teachers teach in an actual class, explaining concepts with voice recordings combined with moving pictures for visualization. It also comes with practice exercises much like what teachers would give to their students to evaluate the student’s learning. The only difference is that, these products can be used by the student alone, even at home.

History of Middletown, New Jersey Essay

A Starbuck or Panera Bread at nearly every corner, high rise condominiums and modern day architectural structures line the city of Middletown, New Jersey. This is the everyday picture of my hometown located north of the Navesink River in Monmouth County. Yes, I have noticed beautiful state parks, a lighthouse, and signs for tourist, but not being a tourist, I never realized or cared much for why Middletown even attracted tourists. I was looking forward to this research paper, because it gave me an opportunity to actually learn the historical significance of where I lived. I put the proverbial â€Å"tourist hat† on and took to the streets. What I learned amazed and embarrassed me, Middletown was encased in history, landmarks and all I basically new was where to get my latte in the morning. Before seeing the â€Å"sights† that I passed by so many times without pause, I wanted to learn about the history of Middletown itself, the simple facts. The township was settled in l665 by the English who migrated from Long Island, New York and New England. They had to purchase the land from the local Indian tribes and initially established three villages; the Portland Point, Shrewsbury and Middletown. The towns were organized as part of the Monmouth County in l693. Portland Point didn’t progress, but the two remaining villages prospered and were deemed as the â€Å"Two Towns of the Navesink† (Gabrielan, 2003). Middletown’s past included playing a part in the Revolutionary War. A vast number of residents stayed loyal to England and while others fount for their independence. According to Randall Barielan, â€Å"the conflict in New Jersey was a virtual civil war. Enemy participants in the major battle in New Jersey were headed toward Middletown. British forces hid in the Middletown hills during the battles. I never imagined my hometown shared a piece of our nation’s history. It’s a small town of about 60,000 people, on the Navesink River. Unfortunately, we did have thirty-six residents die on September 11th, but with that aside our crime rate is 0. 6 per 1,000 people (epodunk. com, 2007). Until this paper I thought of Middletown as a quaint village with the most impressive feature being that Bruce Springsteen, Geraldo Riviera and Vince Lombardi were born. Since I did pass a few â€Å"old† churches on my way to a Starbucks, I thought I’d esearch the spirituality history of Middletown. There were several different denominations early on with the Baptist Church founded in 1688, the oldest church in New Jersey, with at least one half of the original settlers known to be of this faith. The All Saints Memorial Church in Navesink, founded in l864 and officially becoming a National Historic Landmark in1988. Richard Upjohn, a visionary of this time period, with his English Gothic Revival architect, was chosen to construct the church laying the cornerstone in l863. According to there official website; www. allsaintsnavesink. rg, the church was awarded a â€Å"grant from the New Jersey Historic Trust to develop a long term preservation plan. † The story behind the Episcopal Christ Church, built in l702 is interesting. It was not about England settlers getting together to worship; it was more of a â€Å"missionary venture. † Colonial Governor, Lewis Morris, wrote to the Bishop of London of the people of Middletown: â€Å"There is no such thing as a church or religion among them. They are perhaps, the most ignorant and wicked people in the world†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The Bishop sent two Anglican priests to â€Å"save† Middletown. That was over three hundred years ago and the Christ Church still remains an active congregation (christchurchmiddletown. org). Another area of Middletown I wasn’t aware of, is snuggled away high on a hill and called the Water Witch Club, founded in 1895. A 50 acre â€Å"historic paradise,† added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. It is known for its â€Å"exclusive club culture,† and architecture. The Witch Club enticed visits by famous architects such as Frank A. Wright and Yew York are rich and famous. Presently there are forty-four homes at Water Witch Club that amazingly kept its â€Å"old-world charm,† throughout its history. A breathtaking site on top of a hill, which escaped me for so long (Van Develde, 2003). Before I introduce you and myself, to the several other historic landmarks in Middletown, there is one fact I was surprised to unveil. Middletown’s daily newspaper, the Times Herald-Record, often called simply, â€Å"The Record,† was the first cold offset press in the country, published in 1851. Subsequently, in 1956, the Middletown Daily Record, the first U.  S. newspaper to use cold type, printed from a garage, ignited competition for the Record. In l969 the two papers merged into the Sunday Record, but reverted back to the Times Herald-Record in 2007. The form of this newspaper from cold type to a website, in 2008, shows a timeline of innovations (record online. com). Now, back to being a tourist, I set forth to view the historical landmarks my locale had preserved for generations. Marlpit Hall was built in several stages and completed in 1756. It was the home of loyalist Edward Taylor and his family. Taylor was held under house arrest for his political views and lost most of his wealth and influence. In l936, the house was donated to the Monmouth County Historical Association. The Association restored it to become the first house museum in the region. Marlpit has five rooms all furnished to depict its setting from l756 through 1820. It is â€Å"key property† in the National Register of Historic Places in Middletown Village. A â€Å"spin-off† of the Marlpit Hall is the Taylor-Butler House, built in 1853 by descendents of the Marlpit’s Taylor family. Joseph Taylor and his wife, Mary originally called it the Orchard Home. They were particular in furnishing the home with family heirlooms. Mary was the last to live in the house, which remained vacant for ten years after her death in 1930. Henry Ludwig Kramer, a famous architect, bought it for his home and office, restoring its historical venue. George and Alice Butler bought it from Kramer in the l950’s; in turn the Monmouth County Historical Association bought the estate in l999. Actually the Association itself has an historical place in Middletown, too. It was founded in l898 by a group of citizens committed to preserving the history of Monmouth County. They built a three story Georgian building in l931 to house a museum and library (co. monmouth. nj). Middletown has two historic farmhouses; the Murray Farmhouse and the Moses D. Heath Farm. The Murray Farmhouse and barn was built in l770 and remains on its original foundation. Joseph Murray and his mother arrived from Ireland in l767 to Monmouth County where he met and married Rebecca Morris, and had four children. Joseph joined the â€Å"local militia,† when the Revolutionary War began. He acquired the nickname, â€Å"daring, notorious rebel,† because he was â€Å"openly defiant of British rule. † The farm remained in the family until l861, and had several owners until it was purchased in 1973 by the Middletown Township to â€Å"save the land from development. † Today the house is not accessible to the public but there are continuous events and tours throughout the barn and farmland (poricypark. org). The Moses D. Heath Farm provides access to numerous exhibits to illustrate the historical importance of farming in Monmouth County. They include; 19th century farm â€Å"artifacts, Gertrude Neidlinger (1911-1998) Spy House collection, and a working honey bee colony and museum. † The farm promotes the legacy of the Heath family, primarily Bertha C. Heath. Heath’s father, Clinton was a former slave until the Civil War freed him, and he fled to Middletown with his brother Calvin; who later became the first preacher at the Clinton Chapel Zion Church, founded in 1870. After he was settled as a crop farmer he sent for his wife and thirteen children. Bertha being the â€Å"youngest of 6 girls. † Born in the farm homestead on July 22, 1909, she ran two miles for a â€Å"trolley to take her to school,† each morning. Bertha was exceptionally graduating from Middletown Township High School in 1926 she moved to Upper Manhattan, New York City and lived there for forty-four years. During this period she graduated from the Harlem Hospital School of Nursing, received a Bachelor of Science degree in Public Health form New York University, in 1958, and a Master of Science degree from Columbia University. Bertha went beyond what a black women was allowed or able to do, and enjoyed working as a registered nurse until her retirement in 1974. Bertha with the help of her nephew, Walter Spradley and countless volunteers, organized the Heath Center Black History Committee, which still participates in Black History Month celebrations. The property has remained in the Heath Family since the post Civil War years and converted into the center of New Jersey’s African-American agricultural history. Visiting the farm is the ultimate family experience. Along with exhibits already mentioned, there is a children’s educational garden, blacksmith shop, sugar can mill and â€Å"demonstrations on how farming was conducted in the l9th century,† (heahfarm. tripod. com). The last landmark I’ll review is the Sandy Hook Lighthouse. Built in l764 it is the oldest lighthouse in the nation and one of the twelve constructed before the Revolutionary War. It is octagonal, and rises eight-five feet above the ground and eighty-eight feet above the water. New York originally financed Sand Hook because the merchants lost a lot of money and crew members from shipwrecks. American and English troops both wanted control of the lighthouse during the war, so New York congressmen gave the order to darkened it to deter British ships. This proved ineffective, the British sent a landing party to relight Sandy Hook. The Americans even tried to destroy the lighthouse with cannons, but did little damage to its structure. The British controlled Sandy Hook throughout the Revolution. â€Å"The original tower of the Sandy Hook Lighthouse still stands. † Another interesting note from the National Park Service is that the lighthouse originally stood five hundred feet from the northern end of Sandy Hook, and now, because of the current of the water, â€Å"the light is five-eighths of a mile from the point. † Ironically the light continues to help mariners, as it has â€Å"faithfully done for the last l96 years,† and was designated a National Landmark on January 29, 1964 (nps. gov). Amazing how much a tourist learns about a place you call home? I had to walk in they’re shoes to notice the national historic landmarks, hidden natural treasures and areas steeped in history, literally in my own backyard. What an indelible past laid behind my everyday sights of the Gothic designed church, the farmhouses, and restored l9th century homes. It is like seeing Middletown for the first time, through the eyes of an interested stranger. My walk to Starbucks takes on a totally different meaning for me now; I take it slower, observe the artistic landscape and take pride in knowing I’m walking down a path through history.

Naming, Taxonomy, Classification of viruses Essay

Naming, Taxonomy, Classification of viruses - Essay Example Other examples of pathogens include the nematodes, fungi and bacteria. In Biology, the term nomenclature is used to refer to the naming the various taxonomic groups as per the international conventions. When it comes to the naming of viruses, there is a special body tasked with this responsibility. It is called the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), (formerly known as the International Committee on the Nomenclature of Viruses) which was established in 1966. It is the committee of the Virology Division of the International Union of Microbiological Societies. Unlike the nomenclature of other living organisms, viruses are not named with respect to Carolus Linnaeus’ Latinized binomial system. They are named by use of words of English origin new international taxonomic names this is according to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, R. I. B. Francki (1991). Rule No. 10 – rules pertaining the spelling of names with respect to the language used are outlined in Section 6 of Chapter 3 of the proposed viral nomenclature. This is as per the minutes of the meeting held in Moscow in 1966, Rule No. 13 - where agreed upon, the symbols may come after an abbreviation of a Latin name of a given host genus of a particular host, but if need be, a full name instead of the abbreviation may still be used, When it comes to the taxonomy of viruses, which is the classification of viruses into various taxonomic groups, the International Committee n Taxonomy of Viruses came up with a unified taxonomy. The classification system makes use of the below ranked taxons; The current list from the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) indicates that there are three (3) viral orders namely; Caudovirales – these are the tailed double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA) phages, Mononegavirales – these are the ones having enveloped globular virons bearing similar single stranded negative ribonucleic acid (ss (-) RNA) genomes and

How Google motivate their employees Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How Google motivate their employees - Essay Example The culture of the organization has been made conducive to its employees. The next aspect that promotes employee motivation concerns product innovation. The company has been a leader in providing conditions necessary for employee’s participation in innovation. The company further focus on employee passion on performing of tasks rather than on pay. It is also imperative to state that Google management team has been able to encourage creativity while enhance organizational control. It is also one of the goals of the organization to utilization of data in providing employee with rewards and in motivating (Wood, 2015).The other motivational aspects of the organization relates to its pay rewards. Employees in the organization receive various innovative pay benefits that motivate them towards organization success. The management teams of the organization provides employee with room to promote their own ideas. These provide employees with various bases for creating their own products (Wood, 2015). In return, to such strategies, Google is able to recruit employees with very high skills. They further construct innovative ways of retaining employees. The other motivating aspect of the organization is the provision of challenging and inspiring activities for its employees.Modern organizations need to utilize innovative ways in motivating its employees. Motivating of employees ensures that organizations are able to maximize on their efforts. Modern organizations are able to streamline employees’ ideas towards innovating products.

Cross Cultural Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Cross Cultural Communication - Essay Example The results collected from these arguments are very important to examining the high and the low context cultures of the business towards international communication. Communication is as a vital element of the organizational success, but every aspect of communication must coincide with the organizational norms and practices that are guided by the culture (McIntosh et al 2008). However, every organizational culture management requires good leadership as described by Hall in order to coordinate and guide the efforts of the organization towards the achievement of the organizational objectives (Halverson and Tirmizi 2008). Management functions entail planning, organizing, leading and controlling performance of all areas of the organization. Nevertheless, this is slightly different since cross-cultural communication entails management of different cultural aspects in order to attain a competitive edge in the global marketplace (Kachru 2005). Most of the scholarly articles published in the past 10 years have provided supportive evidence that the Hall’s context of cross-cultural management is very significant to the realization of global business management (Halverson and Tirmizi 2008). This is because most of the models that were used prior to Hall’s context lacks adequate evidence and qualitative arguments (DeFillippi and Wankel 2006). Although Hall’s model is being appreciated for its validity in determining the contexts and cultural communication, some researchers argue that it lacks essential validity and attitude in cultural dimensions. The main objective if this research is to determine the coherent scale of measure of Hall’s cultural dimension of High and low contexts and offer valid findings in relevance to communication within German business environment. According to Hall, culture is as a way of life exercised by people of a

Gender Equality; is it a myth or a reality Essay

Gender Equality; is it a myth or a reality - Essay Example Men and women has different brain structure and physical functioning, they also react to situations differently hence gender equality is a myth.(Thesis) Naturally men are superior to women and there is lots of scientific evidence attached to it. By physical appearance itself, men have superiority due to their muscle built and structural composition. Men are more confident in their walk, communication and interaction in daily life. Men are practical and do not get emotional like women. Women due to their feeble mind get quickly afflicted emotionally and take decision that is wrong or inappropriate. Generally speaking, women need protection from men in all dire situations like natural calamities, physical contingencies and financial distresses. God created men to support and protect women as she is a delicate creation both in physical and emotional sense. Men and women are both created by God and they have a purpose which does not conflict with one another. If men have strong physique and practicality, women have tolerance, patience and sacrificing quality which is equally appreciative. Men alone are not able to manage and control a family life, as it needs hard effort and contribution from women too. If men have social responsibilities then women have the responsibility to take control of home, children and husband which is a demanding task. As per (MLC, 2003)†Men are physically stronger. By nature, they are usually more aggressive and externally oriented. In contrast, a woman usually embodies the ideal of inner dignity. Men are physically strong but the emotional and mental strength of women is empowering†. Men and women have complementing relationship and it is not contradictory as many think. God has not made anything conflicting in nature, all creation whether man or woman has equal value in eyes of nature. Man and women complement each other emotionally,

Visual Depictions of Bodies in Nazi Ideology Term Paper

Visual Depictions of Bodies in Nazi Ideology - Term Paper Example The physical effects of starvation of the body include body wasting, susceptibility to disease and eventually death. Starvation physically transforms its victims. Jews were the victims of Nazis food policies. If a body is starved, it will compensate for lack of calorie intake by consuming body fat. Bodies experience rapid weight loss where even their clothing becomes too big for their bodies. One of the articles which record the effects of starvation to bodies of the Jews was Oskar Rosenfeld Ghetto diaries. However, a sign of physical transformation of ghetto inhabitants was an advertisement recorded in the chronicle stating, â€Å"Men’s Collars Taken in a barber shop at 13 Lutomierska Street†. In his Ghetto diaries, Rosenfeld further observed that in the beginning, the abdomen gets loose and eventually sags. A description of victims of starvation in the Divine Comedy as quoted by Piero Camporesi in his work Bread of Dreams similarly took note of the sagging, empty stom ach of the starving further observing how on victims of hunger, â€Å"The flesh becomes thin, and remains attached to the bones like a spider-web.† The Nazis were aware of the murderous effects of their food policies, and they allowed those policies to continue, resulting in the mass execution of the Jews in the ghettos. Nazi ideologues including Himmler, food distribution bureaucrats, regular and special police, among others all played a role in implementing the slow process of extermination of the Jewish people through man-made famine.

Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Finance - Essay Example Here the opportunity cost of capital is assumed to be 12%. Thus by adopting it as the discount rate for all future cash flows one can effectively obtain the NPV for them. This gives a few advantages. In the first place proper financial management requires a realistic opportunity cost to be set against capital. Though over a period of 5 years there can be considerable pressure on interest rates, a steady return of earnings would be ensured through proper cash flow management. After all the above cash flow forecasts are assumed to be constant though, in reality they might vary. The decision to make the investment is based on the apparent returns by way of future cash flows and it does not take into account the risk factor involved. For instance the investor has totally disregarded DCF method because he probably considers those future returns to be final and conclusive with respect to their values. The DCF calculations and the NPV figure of the total investment show that the decision is fairly justifiable because the NPV is equal to  £ 123,928.60 which is a considerable value against probable future inflationary pressure, i.e. the opportunity cost of capital. The importance of discounting future cash flows by using these formulas also depends on other factors as well. Discounted cash flows give a real picture of the future possibilities. Since DCF is what an individual is willing to pay at present in order to have what he expects to have in the future, it’s a process of expressing future revenue flows in terms of today’s value. Probably the most important reason behind DCF is the fact that inflation erodes the value of money in times to come, i.e. future. Therefore it’s essential to make up for the loss. That is why in each subsequent DCF multiplied by the number of years, a lower value comes up. The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) sets the present value of all future cash flows of an investment equal to zero.

Shakespeare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Shakespeare - Essay Example Since Desdemona belongs to this society, Iago successfully redirects Othello’s suspicion towards her. Othello subconsciously supposes that Desdemona is one of the members of the society that would rather enslave him, if he did not have the military skill. As a result, he thinks that Desdemona could betray easily because of his racial inferiority. So, in a sense, his respectable position in the white society is also the platform of his own destruction. Indeed Iago knows this the race-induced anxiety of Othello’s mind very well. Therefore, he successfully manipulates it to bring about his destruction. The following speech of Othello is quite emblematic of his inferiority-induced distrust for Desdemona: This fellow’s of exceeding honesty And knows all quantities, with a learned spirit, Of human dealings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Haply, for I am black And have not those soft parts o f conversation That chamberers have, or for I am declined Into the vale of years—yet that’s not much— She’s gone, I am abused, and my relief Must be to loathe her.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Look where she comes If she be false, heaven mocked itself. I’ll not believe ’t. (Shakespeare Act III, Scene iii 257-278) In this soliloquy, Othello expresses his wavering belief in his wife Desdemona’s chastity. ... He compares himself with other courtiers who are civilized and well-conversed than he is. He also touches on another possibility that Desdemona might cheat on him because he is old. But immediately, he dismisses such possibility and retains his earlier assumption that Desdemona might have betrayed him because of his race. But at the end of this soliloquy he reasserts his faith in Desdemona: â€Å"If she be false, heaven mocked itself./ I’ll not believe ’t.† (Shakespeare Act III, Scene iii 257-278) Here one thing is vividly remarkable that Othello never doubts Iago’s rumor. Throughout the whole play, it seems that he hears and believes Iago’s words without any much question. Even more, he attests that Iago is an extremely honest man who has a deep insight into human nautre, as he says, â€Å"This fellow’s of exceeding honesty/ And knows all quantities, with a learned spirit, / Of human dealings† (Shakespeare Act III, Scene iii 257-278). In this regard one may ask why a wise general fails to question Iago’s integrity and whether Iago is expert enough to deceive the experienced general. Indeed there is no doubt that Iago is an expert manipulator. Though as an experienced general Othello should have questioned Iago prior to doubting his wife, he fails to do so because he might have been blindfolded partly by the fact that Iago belongs to the white society for whom he nourishes a sense of revere from the very starting of his free life in it. But he is mainly blindfolded by his distrust for the society. Though he never condemns the society directly, he holds himself his racial status responsible as an inborn sin or guilt of him. Such racial inferiority complex makes him insecure in the face of Iago’s manipulation. In a racially-fragmented society, Othello have

Response Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Response Paper - Essay Example In addition, the context that the author uses is more persuading as compared to Frye’s article. This is because Brady uses a more personal perspective when putting across her points. Here, Brady uses herself as the main point of reference, which makes the argument livelier and convinces more because it is written from a personal perspective. The choice of words in Brady’s article is also strategic in that the article is easy to comprehend by almost any individual in the society. This implies that it was written for the general audience. It also incorporates an interesting theme, which any person would like to read. On the other hand, Frye’s article argues using a second individual as the point of reference. This makes the article less convincing as compared to one that is written from a personal perspective. In addition, the choice of words by Frye is carefully done for a specific group of the population; the highly literate. Frye is also judging when he gives a general perspective on how most people think and misuse the word ‘think’. This article is not only less convincing because of the judgmental style used but also because of difficult word choice application. The title of the article is also negative and discouraging. The author also uses colloquially especially in the title. The main theme that the author adopts, which is that thinking takes place when an individual puts down ideas using the right words is confusing. This is because this theme does not specify what is meant by ‘right words’. This is in contrast to Brady’s theme, which is straightf orward requiring less effort in understanding. Brady’s theme gives the reader an immediate idea that the article would encompass certain reasons as to why the wife is needed. Frye’s article is confusing. This is one of the main reasons why I view this article as least

Into the Wild Essay Example for Free

Into the Wild Essay In writing â€Å"Into the Wild,† Krakauer’s intention was to uncover the facts (or at least get as close to the facts as possible) surrounding Christopher McCandless’ journey â€Å"into the wild. † Krakauer discusses and presents theories and explanations about McCandless’ reasons for going off into a potentially fatal journey, and also presents investigations into how McCandless came to such a state in his life. Krakauer gives us some idea of the direct cause of McCandless’ death, and his reasons for doing what he did. Krakauer aims to give readers with invaluable insight into the mind of McCandless—how McCandless came about the idea of going to the Alaskan wilderness, what his motivations were, how he planned and managed to survive the grueling trek, and most importantly, â€Å"why? † The author seeks to understand what happened to McCandless in the wild, and to explain why someone so full of promise, who seems to have such an ideal life and much of all that he could ask for, could do what McCandless did. However, Krakauer does not presume to be certain about McCandless reasons, but he presents some very good explanations and allows us to understand McCandless’ mind even more. By revealing many things about the reasons behind McCandless’ death, Krakauer shows us that McCandless was far more than a simple and reckless fool who wasted his life. McCandless, who was an intelligent young man, went off into the Alaskan woods to â€Å"find himself† and to reunite with nature. He was heavily influenced by the literature he had read, to such an extent that he became, most of all, a man in search of himself and of a purpose in life. In order to really â€Å"find† himself, he felt it necessary to cut all ties from society, from his family, and reinvent himself as Alexander Supertramp, thus cutting his ties with his old identity. Whether or not he found what he was looking for in the wild is open to speculation, however Krakauer describes McCandless’s psychological terrain by including anecdotes and quotations from people who were in a similar state of mind as McCandless, as well as drawing parallels with his own life as a mountaineer and adventurer. Each chapter presents different tales from others who have been in the same road as McCandless, people who have also sought the solitude of the wild. Krakauer also interviewed people who have come in contact with McCandless during his journey. By the end of â€Å"Into the Wild,† the readers gains significant understanding of McCandless’ personality. Whether McCandless was brave or foolish, his journey of self-discovery is something that almost everyone can relate with and understand on some level. However, while the book is accessible to anyone who could have some interest in the controversial life and death of Christopher McCandless, it is most geared towards those who have sentiments similar to those that McCandless held regarding society, nature, and how to live. â€Å"Into the Wild† helps us understand McCandless’ character, although by the end of the book, it is still up to the reader to decide if McCandless was â€Å"right† or â€Å"wrong† in having done what he did – whether he was courageoeus or merely foolish.

Cause And Effects Of Land Degradation Environmental Sciences Essay

Cause And Effects Of Land Degradation Environmental Sciences Essay Land degradation is an issue of increasing concern to most countries. It is a concept in which the value of the environment is affected by one or more combination of human induced processes acting upon the land. It also means the deterioration in the quantity of land or soil that affects phenomena such as floods and bushfires. The land degradation threatens not only the viability of agriculture, but also water quality, human health, biodiversity and the fundamental ecological processes on which all life depend. The loss of arable land has been caused by a number of factors, many or most of which are tied to human development and agriculture used. The major causes are land clearance such as clear cutting and deforestation, agriculture activities, irrigation salinity and over drafting, livestock including overgrazing, pollution and industrialization. Overgrazing is a common problem in many parts of Australia. It is caused by animals, generally sheep, cattle, or other feral animals, all concentrated in the one area, all feeding on the grass and shrubs. Grass and shrubs hold the soil firmly together. The removal of grass and shrubs leaves the soil bare and susceptible to wind and water erosion. The soil can be broken up or compacted by hooves, this makes the problem worse. Irrigation salinity is when the irrigation water, used to provide water for crops and pasture, seeps down to the water table, with all the dissolved salts, rises and kills the crops and grass, as they are not used to the salty soils. Deforestation is the complete removal of a forest ecosystem and conversion of the land to another type of landscape. It differs from clear-cutting, which entails complete removal of all standing trees but leaves the soil in a condition to regrow a new forest if seeds are available. Over drafting is the process of extracting groundwater beyond the safe yield or equilibrium yield of the aquifer. Since every groundwater basin recharges at a different rate depending upon precipitation, vegetative cover and soil conservation practices, the quantity of groundwater that can be safely pumped varies greatly among regions of the world and even within provinces. Some aquifers require a very long time to recharge and thus the process of over drafting can have consequences of effectively drying up certain sub-surface water supplies. Land Degradation Processes The main outcome of land degradation is a substantial reduction in the productivity of land. The land degradation processes include soil erosion, nutrient depletion, salinization, desertification and soil acidification or alkalinisation. Soil erosion is a natural process that removes soil from the land. The critical aspect of soil erosion for our purpose here is that the rate of the process is highly dependent on human actions. Natural rates of soil erosion are lower for soil with a good cover of vegetation than for bare soil. In fact, any human actions that uncover soil (farming, logging, building, overgrazing, fires, etc.) greatly enhance soil erosion rates. Soil salinization is the concentration of salts in the surface or near surface of soils. It involves the processes of salt accumulation in the upper rooting zone so that many plants are inhibited or prohibited from normal growth. Human induced salinization is a major problem in drylands and is often associated with large-scale irrigation. Dryland Salinity When drylands are irrigated, the water evaporates quickly, leaving behind previously dissolved salts. These salts can collect, since there is little rain to flash the system. The salt in the soil inhibits the uptake of water by plant roots and the soil can no longer sustain a vegetative cover. Irrigation Salinity Irrigation salinity is when the irrigation water, used to provide water for crops and pasture, seeps down to the water table, with all the dissolved salts, rises and kills the crops and grass, as they are not used to the salty soils. Nutrients loss is an important problem in regions of low-input agriculture, such as Africa. In such regions, when crops are harvested, essential nutrients are taken away in the crop and not replaced. Desertification occurs whenever a non-desert area starts to exhibit the characteristics of a true desert. The term was coined by the United Nations in 1977. The main cause of desertification is not drought, but mismanagement of land, including overgrazing and felling of trees and brushwood for fuels. Soil acidification is when certain chemicals are used on the soil, for various reasons including pesticides, removal of salt from the surface and the soil, acid rain, the growth of certain crops, certain animal wastes and etc, these chemicals are often absorbed into the soil and become part of the soil-structure. With these chemicals now part of the soil, the soil may become acidic and therefore crops and pastures will not grow. Soil acidification can lead to a productivity decline up to and equal to 50%. Soil akalinisation is clay soils with high pH (> 9), a poor soil structure and a low infiltration capacity. Alkali soils owe their unfavorable physico-chemical properties mainly to the dominating presence of sodium carbonate which causes the soil to swell. Sometimes these soils are also referred to as (alkaline) sodic soils. Effect of degradation Several land degradation affected a significant portion of the arable lands, decreasing the wealth and economic development of nations. Land degradation cancels out advanced by improved crop yields and reduced population growth. As the land resource, base becomes less productive, food security is comprised and competition for dwindling resources increases. Thus, a downward eco-social spiral is created when lands are nutrient depleted by unsustainable land management practices resulting in lost soil stability leading to permanent change. Land degradation not only affects soil productivity but also have more significant impacts on receiving water resources. Since soil along with nutrients and contaminants associated with soil, are delivered in large quantities to environments. Land degradation therefore has potentially impacts on lakes and reservoirs that are designed to alleviate flooding provide irrigation and generate Hydro-Power. In summary, land degradation includes soil erosion, salinization, soil acidification or akalinisation and desertification. The rate of degradation has increased dramatically with growth in human populations and technology. Severe land damage accompanies large-scale of agriculture. The continued loss of arable land will jeopardize our ability to feed the world population. Land degradation is a worldwide problem which includes both of the developed and developing countries.

Strategies Of Sustainable Tourism In Maharashtra Tourism Essay

Strategies Of Sustainable Tourism In Maharashtra Tourism Essay Tourism is concerned with pleasure holidays, travel going or arriving somewhere. These are the motivation that makes people leave their normal place of work and residence for short term temporary visits to other places not more than one consecutive year. Tourism is generally considered to be beneficial activity and for most people an ideal land use activity; a non-polluting, job generating and foreign exchange earning industry. However, years of sobering experiences have led to the realisation that mass and uncontrolled movement of people creates certain social, economic, political and environmental impacts of the destinations. These impacts vary as per the type of tourism promoted and can be both beneficial as well as adverse. This essay discusses and defines the key term sustainability and competiveness and how they can be use as a strategy to develop tourism in Maharashtra, which is one of top ranked tourist destination in India. The key word in the analysis of tourism is sustainability, a notion that at its most basic summarizes the growing concern for the environment and natural resources, though sustainability has also had increasing resonance in social and economic issues in tourist destinations. The destination has played an important role in tourism. It is a mix product of the tourism which offers integrated experiences to its tourist and consumers. Basically destination are regarded as well define geographical areas such as a town, a city, a country, a nation or as whole world where tourist stay at least one overnight (WTO, 2007). On the other hand it is growing subjectively by the tourist and consumers depending on their flexible demands as when they plan their itinerary on the basis of culture background of the destination and the purpose of visits. It may be educational, business, or vacations to experience importance of the place. Such as a Paris as a destination for German business travellers, for Leisure Japanese, Europe may be a destination within their specified period of a trip (Vlahovic, S., 2010). Apart from this A Jungle may be a destination for scientist and researchers who involve in nature related study simultaneously it is destination for people who like to visit Jungle in their vacation such as Jungle Safari. In addition to it tourist destination also helps in generating revenue to the government as well as private sector which is a significant factor while considering tourism (Edward, J., 2010).****************** Since beginning destinations are divided by manmade borders such as geographically and politically, which does not considering the consumer preferences or tourist industry functions (Vlahovic, S., 2010). Whereas Holloway and Taylor (2006) say that all destinations share certain features such as the place of attraction, services and facilities and accessibility of the destination. Currently in all worlds destination a high competition can be seen. Due to mobility and accessibility of the tourist destination around the world, also emerging changes in tourist destinations with technology, infrastructure, and communication. Therefore destination cannot escape the competitive challenges by the justification that the task is too difficult (Vlahovic, S., 2010). Mostly, destination are varied in nature, these are not always with equal potential, some have lot of potential resources competitive advantages, and some have limited natural resources and infrastructure to support the tourism development in particular destination (Ritchie and Crouch 2000 cited McCartney et al.2008). According to McCartney et al., 2008, there were question between Ritchie and crouch 2000, that whether destination are by born or created? The answer is in question itself. Further Ritchie and Crouch (2000) mention the definition of destination competitiveness and how its related to sustainability as firstly its ability to increase tourism expenditure, to increasingly attract visitors while providing them with satisfying memorable experiences and to do so in a profitable way, while enhancing the well-being of destination residents and preserving the natural capital of the destination for future generations. As a result of this it can be assume that destination competitiveness in tourism has several sustainability dimensions such as economic, social, cultural and environmental. Competitiveness has become a central point of tourism policy. As its increases and tourism activity become stronger, so there is need to put some limelight on improving the competitiveness by creating a constitutional outline to examine, to control and enhance quality and effectiveness in the industry and to protect (to sustain) resources (Vlahovic, S., 2010). Sustainability has defined by Bruntlands Report (1987 cited Cooper et al., 2008) that meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs So to understand the sustainability of resources and how much potential available in destination, there is necessitate to do SWOT as well as PESTLE (Tribe,1995) analysis of the destination from internal and external then require to focus on essential innovative strategy to come up from weakness and threats and to strengthen it to create more opportunity in the future. Strategy has defined by Quinn 1980, It is an outline of a plan that combines organizations major goals, policies and sequence of action in to a cohesive whole, whilst strategy is the way and scope of an organization, it has two phases one short term about three year and second long term more than 5 year (Cooper et al,. 2008) preferably which matches its resources to its changing demand from the surrounding particularly in destination markets to tourists and consumers so as to meet stake holders opportunity (Tribe, 1997). Pike and Ryan (2004 cited McCartney, et al, 2008) said that competitive strategy through comparing cognitive, affective and conative perceptions of the destination. They concluded in their studies that effective positioning requires a succinct, focused and consistent message. Positioning analysis requires an understanding of how a destination is perceived to perform on attributes deemed important to the target market, relative to the competition. On the other side in terms of income and expansion of a national tourism industry in the global market of develop and developing countries, which could therefore raise the real income of its citizens and develop its standard of living (Hong, 2008). Therefore, high demand in competitive strategy or policies require proper and better education and training about the sustainability tourism through academic orientation programmes, government and private organization, also through various information channels (Harris et al 2002). The concept of Sustainability strategy has become in practice by World Conservation Strategy (WCS) in 1980. It was commissioned by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) which jointly with the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) provided the financial Support for its operations. The main strategy has aim to make basic structure and legal guideline to develop and developing country to explain the involvement of living resources conservation to human survival such as green house gas effect, emission, destruction, degradation, extinction of flora and fauna species, pollution, genetic diversity and soil erosion and to sustainable development identifies the main concern of conservation problem and the main requirements for dealing with them and proposes ways for effective accomplishing the strategys goal (NSSD, 1980). There are mainly four pillars of sustainable strategies that are economic, environmental, social and cultural. And it requires suitable consideration of all above four parts of pillars for well being of all stakeholders, to achieve long-term goals requires the engagement of all the stakeholders concerned to the production and consumption process of sustainable tourism though it is related to ruralisation or urbanization (Cooper et al., 2008). Economic Sustainability: Cooper et al., 2008 explained that economic sustainability requires holistic planning across all industrial sectors. It must also reach beyond the destination to make sure that intermediaries such as tour operators are not able to circumvent or put unwanted pressure on the planning processes, it may create a negative impression on the tourist and tourist destination. Mowforth and Munt (2009) have mentioned that economic sustainability is not less important than all others in any tourist development. Sustainability in these terms refers to a level of economic gain from the activity such as planning, training etc., sufficient either to cover the cost of any other special measures taken to provide for the tourist and to mitigate the effects of the tourists presence or to offer an income appropriate other conditions or both. In contrast, Baumgartner and Quaas (2010) have different view as the general definition of sustainability has based on the notions of weak and strong sustainability. Environmental Sustainability Environmental sustainability in tourism requires greater attention and knowledge about the impacts and ways of translating those impacts into the economic marketplace. The tourist, or service provider in the tourism industry have to understand their responsibilities such as disturbing the natural life cycles so for this reason government legislation should be there in system that in case of failure to abide by those systems (Cooper et al., 2008). Further there is need to calculate carrying capacities, it is an important method of assessing environmental impact and sustainability (Maldonado et al. 1992 cited in Mowforth and Munt 2009). Social sustainability Social sustainability is a ability of a community, may local or national, to understand changes such as excess tourists, for short or long term and continuing functioning either without the creation of social disharmony as a result of these contribution or by settling its functions and relationships so that the conflict created can be improve or mitigated (Mowforth and Munt 2009). As per the Cooper et al., (2008) that tourists who do not want to adapt at all will always create negative impacts on the local community. So to avoid it tourist who may be through natural interest where the concerned visitor intrigued by local customs and behaviour so they go to scrutinize and that inspection can set in movement of a commercialisation process that will sooner or later change the events. Cultural sustainability Travel can change persons life through its visits to various parts of the world and more interaction between the local people of the destinations. It helps to develop the understanding about the tourist destination and its culture of the local people. But some time the relationships within particular society, the mores of interaction, the lifestyle, the customs and traditions are all subjectively means of exchange. Even its culture may be irreversibly altered. Culture is a dynamic a feature of human life as in the society, community and economy; so then it can be assume that changes in culture not always welcome in to the society. That means sometime it creates negative effects. But, the cultural sustainability refers to the ability of people to maintain or understand the elements of their culture which distinguished them from others people (Mowforth and Munt, 2009). According the definition that destination has made by manmade borders, so here every destination has its own administrative as well as managing style. This includes the rules and regulation of the town, city, states, countries and all worlds to sustain the balance of Environmental, economic, social and cultural sustainability. So, the role of government and private organization to make strategies and policies is to keep engaging and motivating the participants on long term basis such as government stakeholders, private organizations, and other local authorities also the NGOs in to development of the tourism product. Due to the vast nature of the industry it involves wide-ranging of operations, decisions and planning area with understanding sustainability and non sustainability and the requirements of tourist destinations, its consumer and suppliers such as tourism intermediaries and others like infrastructure developers and legal procedures such as visa and tourists destination manag ement, its statistics of visitors and economy which circulate by the tourism industry (Prugh et al., 2000). The destination which I have taken that is Maharashtra state of India. So first of all according to definition of destination need to understand geography of Maharashtra. Maharashtra is a  state  which located in the western part of  India. It is the  second most populous and  third largest state by area  in India. There is a huge tourism potential available in Maharashtra due to its culture and vide range of geographical area. The borders of Maharashtra is the  Arabian Sea  to the west of India with a 720 km long coastline along the lush green Konkan region,  nestled Sahyadri mountain range are several hill stations and water reservoirs with semi-evergreen and deciduous forests. Gujarat  and the  Union territory  of  Dadra and Nagar Haveli  to the northwest,  Madhya Pradesh  to the northeast,  Chhattisgarh  to the east,  Karnataka  to the south,  Andhra Pradesh  to the southeast,    Goa   which is the part of Maharashtra it has located at the southwest it is a famous holiday spot in the world it is well known by its various beaches. Vasco da Gama sailed down at Malabar Coast in 1948. The Goas economy is solely depending on the tourism. Maharashtra state covers an area of 307,731  km2  (118,816  sq  mi) or 9.84% of the total geographical area of India.  Mumbai, the capital city of the state, is Indias largest city and the financial capital of the nation.  Marathi  is the mother tongue of Maharashtra (Govt. of Maharashtra, 2006). It is also the richest state in India, contributing to 15% of the countrys industrial output and 13.2% of its GDP  in year 2005-06. History The name Maharashtra also appeared in a 7th century inscription and in the account of a Chinese traveller Hiuen-Tsang, was a famous  Chinese  Buddhist  monk, scholar, traveller, and translator that brought up the interaction between  China  and  India  in the early  Tang  period. The potential available at Maharashtra that it has four world cultural heritage sites as first two located in the Sahyadri Mountain Range these are 1) Ajanta caves 2) Ellora caves at Aurangabad and 3) Elephanta caves at the Elephanta Island at the Mumbai. And the newly inscribed site is Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (CST) before it was known as Victoria Terminus (VT) (MTDC, 2010). Bhandardara is noted place for trekking place of Maharashtra followed by Pratapgarh near Mahabaleshwar, Torna near Bhor and Panhala near Kolhapur. Also Sahyadri ranges provide about 7 to 8 trekking cites which has around Pune, Satara, Lonavala and other places. And the rock climbing at Karla Mountains, believed to be dating back to 160 BC. It is home to the huge cluster of Chaitya caves (Planning commission of India, 2007). The water sport activity available at Panshet Aqua Sports centres 40 km drive from Pune, such as windsurfing, speed boating, kayaking, water scooters etc. Close to Mumbai, Esselworld at Gorai is an amusement park which has roller coasters and water slides. Also the Sailing which is most popular in India available at Mumbai and Pune, in Maharashtra, sailing equipments are available only at the Khadakvasla Lake in Pune. Currently, MTDC has started the Scuba and Snorkelling diving school in the water of Arabian Sea at Konkan (MTDC, 2010). Before propose, justify and to defend strategy for the chosen destination, require a SWOT analysis of destination internally as well externally (Tribe, 2003). Then it is easy to understand the nature of competitiveness and threats among the four pillar of sustainability. The analysis involves consideration of the major influences upon the tourist destination success in terms of: resources and environment (Tribe, 2003). So according to this, the analysis of Maharashtras tourism sector is also based on national and global factor as resources and environmental consideration. SWOT analysis of Maharashtra (Govt of India, 2007): Strength available in Maharashtra Maharashtra has immense potential with natural beaches, heritage and culture. Mumbai is comparatively higher in strength of Maharashtra States. It is commercial as well as entertainment capital of India. Recently, the achievement by A. R. Rehman from Slumdog millionaire movie, It has received a prime interest to population of Indian origin in the source of market of USA and UK. Mumbai has an international airport brings about 26 per cent of most of the international tourists. Also, it has advantage of getting most of the tourist to the state before any other states in India. Further, in Agricultural tourism wine tourism now in boom. Because of The international level research institute and providing a better knowledge about the agricultural products which includes export quality product to other countries and how to sustain the farmers land to grow well crops in future. While considering health Medical tourism also in budding stage in metro cities. Weakness in Tourism of Maharashtra Every tourism require tourist for its growth so, the tourism industry in Maharashtra is highly depend on the long haul market include USA, UK, France and Germany. Secondly, the host ambience; when tourist arrived in Mumbai they experience that the condition of western highway is poor, ample amount of advertisement boards and then on the road beggars this all creates a very poor host ambience the reason behind it is population of Mumbai about is approximately 13,788,305. Thirdly, destination transits status shows that only 5-8 per cent out of 50 per cent of international tourist who visits to India is ready to travel to Maharashtras destination. The reason behind it the Safety and security concerns and poor marketing campaign available around India and other countries. Fourthly, unfocused development and lack of co-ordination between MTDC (Maharashtra Tourism Development and Corporation), ITDC (Indian Tourism Development Corporation) and IRCTC (Indian Railway and Catering Tourism Corporation) etc. have followed their own objectives and plans and are working on separate platform. Lack of co-operation between various governmental organization involved in tourism creates inconvenience to the tourist. For example : A visit to Ajanta World heritage site requires a tourist to purchase as many as 7 tickets due to a distinct jurisdiction issue.(Planning Commission of India, 2007). And Deccan Odyssey Luxury train which serves 7 tourist destinations in Maharashtra has getting less revenue, because of poor marketing strategies and promotions from various tourist information Kiosk available in Maharashtra and other part of India. Opportunities to sustain tourism in Maharashtra Due to 9/11 terrorist attack, the domestic tourism growth has increased. Maharashtra Government undertaking initiatives to attract domestic tourism as a tourism strategy. Secondly, Indian governments Golden Quadrilateral Highway project is now in last stage to connect North- South, East-west corridors by the National highways, and is expected to increase accessibilities in domestic tourism (GoI, 2002). The growing tourism source countries of Japan, China and Sri Lanka have Buddhist populations (Buddha Dharma Education Association) their interest is in Buddhist architecture and heritage is a great opportunity for Maharashtra to offer then its unique Cave Architecture. Thirdly, the nature of tourist market in Mumbai, the high spending business and leisure tourists mostly from East European countries affects on the market. The available outbound market is China. Threats which affects to sustain competitive tourism in Maharashtra Maharashtra had significant threats in last decade that all affect on the tourism of Maharashtra. The series of incidents as bomb blast in 1993 target was Hotels and tourists attraction, train bomb blast 2006 and then at the end terrorist attack on 26th to 29th November 2008 on Hotel Trident, The Taj Mahal Palace and Tower, and Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminals in Mumbai. Secondly, the competitor of it started Economic Impact assessment working with the help of WTO and WTTC, Kerala has already started their vision 2025 to sustain their development growth in tourism. Thirdly, the most competition can be seen in Heritage tourism, beach tourism, back water sport and special interest tourism. Cultural sustainability and strategies in Maharashtra: Under the cultural tourism strategy of Maharashtra the government considered that it has distinctive aspects of its rich culture and tradition would be identified and promoted as an integral part of Maharashtras tourism. To Identify and promote the states folk arts and organize folk dance and music programmes at tourist destinations (Govt of Maharashtra 2006). But to sustain it there is less financial support to those participants in to the entertainment field. The financial support is not on time they need to wait sanction the amount from government. Currently, there is a lot of attention to Bollywood artist, so here it can be seen that celebrities has taken over on Maharashtras culture such as following dress sense of Hollywood actresses is now seen in metro cities. There is still no any specific step has been taken by any of the entertainment industry to give chance to local folk artist to perform on large scale. Environmental impacts and strategies of sustainable tourism in Maharashtra: Due to dramatically rise in the Domestic as well as international tourism, currently metropolitan cities such as Mumbai and Pune, has facing pollution level problem, considering the case of Pune, in Pune the pollution level always on critical level. Local authority made strict rule for transportation and traffic rule to control the negative impact on the environment but still it not up to the good level to achieve low pollution in those metro cities. Every tourism activity affects the natural and built environment. The issue between tourism and environment has lot of complication, but to sustain it there are some strategies such as government has made plane to develop eco- tourism for this according to the requirement such as there is no any new construction will take place in preserved area for sanctuaries and other important places such as lakes and forest land. Changes can be made in old building such as government rest houses at hill station and sanctuaries. But, in fact those cost and expenditure on old construction is comparatively higher than new construction. On another side to develop or to sustain such sites, government and NGOs providing financial and knowledge about the eco- tourism to local people who surviving on the nature. For environmental sustainability government has chosen some part of Konkan in Mumbai, in this, the residence at those places are paid by government to develop their houses (Huts and Cottages) with amenities and other facilities but to ensure that life cycle of nature it should not be disturb. This is a really good example as well as strategy to understand the rural life at those places in touch with nature for next generation as well as the tourists from urban part also helps to increase income level and living standard (GoM, 2006). Economic sustainable strategies The economic Sustainability means the balance of rural and urban economics development. The government and private policy maker should consider reduction of rural as well as urban poverty in specific destination Shen et al., (2008). According to this as per mention earlier that currently the government and various private organization institutions working on the research area of Agriculture, nature (wildlife), medical (Health and safety), information technology-communication and at the end human resource development in the Maharashtra, to provide better employment opportunity to each people and to generate and increase the income level of each people and their standard of living. Now the current competitiveness shows that unbalance growth in various sector, such as labour on contract and seasonal basis. In short when the pinnacle period of any season starts then the employers often outsource the employment instead of local. The effect of this rises in dispute between local and outsourcing employee. The India is still developing country; Japan has been supporting in reconstruction of Ajanta caves in Maharashtra and Nalanda  University is an  ancient centre of higher learning  in  Bihar,  it was a  Buddhist  centre of learning from 427 to 1197 CE. The economics of Maharashtra has highly depend on long haul and outbound tourist whose spending capacity is more than domestic tourist, as per discuss earlier that the stake holders play an important role in development in sustainable economic growth through employment and taxation, such stake holders in Maharashtra as Taj, Oberoy, Hilton, Best Western Hotels, Hyatt and in tourism Thomas Cook, Cox and King, SOTC and Raj Travel and other well known tourism service providers. Social sustainable strategies: Stren and Poleses (2000) define social sustainability as development (and or growth) that is compatible with the harmonious evolution of civil society, fostering an environment conducive to the compatible cohabitation of culturally and socially diverse groups while at the same time encouraging social integration, with improvements in the quality of life for all segments of the population (Davidson, M., 2009). Sex tourism a new phenomenon issue, according to Nair, P., and Sen, S., (2005) that not all the tourists are sex tourists, some of them definitely are. The sex incident happened in Goa had significant effect on Goas tourism, in which there is use of young girls for sex and pornography, by giving them shelter. According to Cooper et al., (2008) the growth of such activities is often supported by a network of facilitators ranging from pimps and brothels through to the apparently more respectable taxi drivers and hotel workers. The internet has only added to the problem by creating an international communication network that can market these services on international scale. Also, there are lonely child labour in small scale industries and without family, and mostly international tourists who come to enjoy their vacation, consider that child is safe as they feel that the children dont have any Sexual Transfer Diseases (Nair, P., and Sen, S., 2005). According to this the people of Maharashtra, stays in various societies there is always up and down glimpses of society can be seen in the social contest. So therefore, social upliftment and improved quality of life through exchanging culture adopting changes in environments and social life. In the situation like natural calamities, the requirement of unity to overcome from natural and manmade unpleasant incidents can be seen in the people of Maharashtra. Though, there may any disputes between different origins of peoples culture. Whereas, Kulkarni G., (2010) say that people may argue that issue of environment is enough, the enormity of the problem demands that, if each one of people of Maharashtra without blaming to the government authority does their bit toward conserving and sustaining the environment. Then it will ready to lend a hand to next generation to sustain environment with low economic price Conclusion: As a consultant, that every destination and attractions consumer and providers should understand that sustainable and non sustainable culture. Then, only the specific growth in next 10-15 year long term period can be achieved without extra energy. Also, balance must be maintain between limits and usage so that continuous changing, monitoring and planning ensure that tourism can be managed properly in Maharashtra (GoM, 2006). There is various strategies can be followed to develop competitiveness in tourism, keep in mind the importance of sustainability such as: Education and training: Once, people get basic education or knowledge about the environment and the sustainability in their life, and then the improvement within them can lead to help to their respective destination. For example: local tourist guide training programme, which will help to understand the history as well as importance of the place by local people and how they can serve to the tourist on competitive level. For, this government institution at Mumbai, Pune, Nagpur and Nashik has been playing an important role to give education and training to the seekers. In private organization Taj and Oberoy institution has most influence on tourism industry management in Maharashtra. Equal opportunity: There should be put some lime light on rest part of Maharashtra, because current policies highly concentrated on Mumbai only, it provide lots of job and opportunities to the people of respective destination and attraction, so the govt and private organization should not ignore the immense potential available at other places of Maharashtra. They could concentrate on Agricultural tourism, medical tourism, heritage tourism, adventure tourism and wild life tourism etc. The role of researchers and professional in decision making process: It can play an important role policy and strategy analysis, in simple words to identify positive and negative points through various researches which conducted by professionals and scholars. Because, the management and the govern body is solely responsible for any changes in process of development in tourism some time it can lead damages. Safety and security: Tourist should not be a victim of any manmade and natural calamity; extra care should be taken by the local government and tour operator because of any vulnerability in case of woman or loss human of national and international countries can affects on the specific destination and the future tourists and their decisions. Decentralization and accountability: The process of operation and management involves variety of task and governing body, to reduce timescale the requirement of quick and perfect decision to make changes or implementation of original strategies. As well as keeping records of each event and financial transaction leads to clear accountability in the tourism sector. And can help to make better forecasting for tourism in Maharashtra.

To Kill A Mockingbird Essay: Use of Symbolism :: Kill Mockingbird essays

Use of Symbolism in To Kill A Mockingbird "I'd rather you shoot at tin cans in the backyard, but I know you'll go after birds. Shoot all the bluejays you want , if you can hit 'em, but remember it's a sin to kill a mockingbird." This is what Atticus Finch tells his children after they are given air-rifles for Christmas. Uniquely, the title of the classic novel by Harper Lee, To Kill A Mockingbird, was taken from this passage. At first glance, one may wonder why Harper Lee decided to name her book after what seems to be a rather insignificant excerpt. After careful study, however, one begins to see that this is just another example of symbolism in the novel. Harper Lee uses symbolism rather extensively throughout this story, and much of it refers to the problems of racism in the South during the early twentieth century. Harper Lee's effective use of racial symbolism can be seen by studying various examples from the book. This includes the actions of the children, the racist whites, and the actions of Atticus Finch. The actions of the children in this novel certainly do have their share of symbolism. For instance, the building of a snowman by Jem and Scout one winter is very symbolic. There was not enough snow to make a snowman entirely out of snow, so Jem made a foundation out of dirt, and then covered it with what snow they had. One could interpret this in two different ways. First of all, the creation of the snowman by Jem can be seen as being symbolic of Jem trying to cover up the black man and showing that he is the same as the white man, that all human beings are virtually the same. Approval of these views is shown by Atticus when he tells Jem, "I didn't know how you were going to do it, but from now on I'll never worry about what'll become of you, son, you'll always have an idea." The fire that night that engulfed Miss Maudie Atkinson's house can be seen as the prejudice of Maycomb County, as the fire melted the snow from the snowman, and left nothing but a clump of mud. The fire depicts the prejudice people of the county saying that blacks and whites are, certainly, not the same. Another way of looking at the symbolism of the snowman would be to say that Jem's combination of mud and snow signifies miscegenation, marriage or sexual relations between persons of different races.

Thomas Berry :: essays research papers

Human Condition Through Thomas Berry   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Normally, I don’t agree with Thomas Berry, but I agree with his quote â€Å"†¦inner anxiety and even†¦doubt ourselves and the meaning of it all.† Thomas Berry put the dimension of contemporary existence, future orientation, and placed it in what I consider a perfect statement. When we hit this realization of perplexity within our future, we will be in such awe. People will become over capacitated with the diversity of every day life. We will deviate into a whole different culture. Thomas Berry’s statement was well conceived.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As in human condition, the journey symbol portrays an internal struggle. Also it depicts some form of transformation. Another thing appearing in both is a theme of endearing negativity. We know, or thing we know, all that we have is adequate. He puts this in a sense of hysteria with what we incur during our journey. He tells us that we live n an unacceptable situation and that we must undergo transformation. In my experiences, I have not yet covered this conflict in the large scale he puts it on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When referring to spirituality, I believe that Berry places a strong emphasis on faith. In order for us to encompass happiness we must have a strong divinity towards spirituality. Spirituality in a certain religion. Spirituality in ourselves, others, etc. We also must have an awareness for the other divinities. The usual sense of religion relates to a general sense of faith. It is less than expected to pay homage to your god or belief. Berry’s sense of religion inquires that belief of faith as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I don’t agree with Berry’s view on spirituality. I feel as though his belief would make all that I learned redundant. I feel as though people holding this view have either a horrible view on life or are stuck in a religious domicile. In his writings, Berry makes it seem like joy is not meaningful unless there is a downside to it.

Integrative Learning Project: Organizational Setting Essay

The Kennedy Law Firm, PLLC, serves the north-central part of Tennessee and south-central part of Kentucky, with offices in Clarksville, Tennessee. The firm was established on Christian principles, focusing on helping individuals through their greatest times of need, in 1984. The firm handles a wide array of types of cases, including personal injury, criminal defense, bankruptcy, divorce, and custody matters in state, federal, and military courts. Kevin C. Kennedy is its founding member and managing partner, yet still practices and is still active in the firm’s operations. There are three office locations across the city; with a main office by the county courthouse, another office close to Fort Campbell’s gates, and the last location provides a location closer to individuals on the northeastern part of town. Mission The Kennedy Law Firm’s main mission is â€Å"to be that rock in times of trouble by providing quality legal advice and support to people going through divorce, an arrest, injury or bankruptcy† (Google+, 2015). The firm seeks to provide its services based on Christian ideals, which the founding partner pursues by actively participating in numerous community events. The office by Fort Campbell is even being used by a church for services and other meetings. Mr. Kennedy does not hide his commitment to God, and he boldly proclaims his views in advertising and other interactions. The firm meets this mission by opening at 7:00 AM Monday through Friday, staying open until 6:00 PM Monday through Thursday, and being open on Saturdays from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM. There is not one other firm in the Clarksville area that has hours which are as accommodating to their customer base. Mr. Kennedy even encourages his attorneys to schedule appointments outside of those hours, should it be something that the customer needs to get the legal service desired. Customers The Kennedy Law Firm’s external customer base is made up of individuals from all walks of life, from rich to poor, Christian to non-believer, and any and all race or ethnicity. Virtually anyone may fall victim to the perils of a legal battle, so the firm’s customers cannot be classified as falling within any particular â€Å"type† or â€Å"category†. Internally, the firm’s customers are made up of the attorneys. The paralegals, assistants, and other support staff must ensure that the work they are doing meets the needs and wants of the attorneys. Furthermore, the attorneys must work hard to meet the high standards for a Christian organization, as set by the managing partner. Value As an attorney for the firm, I provide legal services for the customers that walk through the door. More specifically, I am one of only a couple of attorneys that have committed to remain in the office until 6:00 PM to ensure that an attorney is available when the office is open. Furthermore, I provide greater payment flexibility to clients so that they might actually be able to afford quality legal representation without taking on an insurmountable debt. Even though as a young attorney with a growing client base I do not make an income which many may attribute to attorneys when they think of them, I still attempt to take on pro bono work to help those individuals that cannot even afford the flexible payment arrangements which we try to establish. My previous work for Westlaw, a legal research provider, has also made me invaluable to the firm. I have helped other attorneys and paralegals in the firm with posing research queries and setting up their accounts to get the most from the system with the least amount of effort. I was able to increase the efficiency of research efforts for practically every individual within the firm. This means that the services we provide can be done at less cost, a saving which can be passed on to clients in an effort to make justice more accessible for all. Biblical Integration Christianity plays a huge role in this firm, and it was one of the major factors which drew me to seeking employment with the firm. Not only does the firm unashamedly advertise its Christian ideals and roots, the  atmosphere in the office shows the same strong embrace of such ideals. Employees are free to discuss their religious viewpoints with one another, which only further solidifies the family-like environment which permeates the firm. Every meeting is closed with a prayer, and every morning a Bible study session is offered in the conference room for those employees wanting and able to attend. Reference The Kennedy Law Firm, PLLC. Google+ profile page. Retrieved on January 25, 2015, from https://plus.google.com/110251003608330856023/about?hl=en

Lyndon B. Johnson and Literacy Tests Essay

everyplace the last fifty geezerhood, a batch has changed when it comes voting and racial discrimination. The marches from Selma to capital of Alabama, aluminum necessitate changed our history as a whole, forever. The intentions of the three marches were for African Americans to imbibe the right to vote right wish the white men. There were three distinct attempts for the marches from Selma to Montgomery frame 7, March 9, and March 21, 1965. The attempts to gain their voting rights came at a price they were beaten, clubbed, murdered, trampled upon and all kinds of things by the police during these marches. At least til now though the Civil Rights interpret of 1964 had just been passed only a couple months before, African Americans were still world purloind at the polls. They were non allowed to vote and if they were allowed to register than they were accustomed literacy tests, which bulk of them failed. Unlike during 1965 when the marches took place, African Americans did non imbibe the right to vote, they were segregated, discriminated upon, etc.Martin Luther King, the example or leader for the people during marches, treasured to march in a peaceable behavior to show the police and everyone else that they were non animals and they would not give up until they were given the rights that they deserve. The result of these marches came when President Lyndon Johnson call Congress involving the matter asking for enactment that would prohibit the polls in exploitation barriers to prevent African Americans from voting. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed that August 1965. This piece of legislation basically states that the government cant discriminate during the voting process based on race and also prohibits the use of literacy tests as a requirement to vote because nigh black people during this time could uncomplete read or write.Also beneath this act the United States attorney commonplace had to challenge the use of poll taxes for local anaesthetic and state elections. Things in this, the twenty-first century, be oft better than they were during Selma marches because in that respect is a vision less racial discrimination and discrimination towards African Americans. African Americans fix the same rights as white men, as do women, as written in the Bill of Rights. If Selma would chip in never occurred, or occurred in a violent manner rather than the nonviolent way it was, Africans Americans capacity not have the right to vote to this day, or worse. Also, without out the success of the Selma to Montgomery we would more than likely not have as many African Americans in political office as we do today.Times are so much better now than they were fifty years ago because African Americans now have 100% freedom and all of their rights. African Americans, as well as women, cook to vote without having to worry about being discriminated against, as well as tested. Selma created border for a greater number of African Americans to become involved in political affairs at local, state, and national levels. Selma moved(p) our political system a lot and without it we more than likely wouldnt have some of the people we do in major positions in the government, such as President Obama.