Disciplinary procedures

Disciplinary procedures Introduction: Discipline is the essential part of any organization. A disciplinary procedure is sometimes the best way for your employer to tell you when something is wrong. It allows them to explain clearly what improvement is needed and should give you an opportunity to put your side of the situation. The discipline policy is depending of the company. Hear in newly open Tesco, the manager can take action against non-disciplinary action by using the following procedure. Informal non-disciplinary action The line manager should make clear the nature of his or her concern together with any suggestions as to how the member might improve their work performance in such kind of non-disciplinary conduction. There is some stage of to handle non disciplinary action. Hear in this case as a department manager the decision is being made as per the company policy about the disciplinary action. In this case Paul Wilkinson come late to the work but leave early, so as a department manager the legal action would be taken as under. In the case of Paul Wilkinson the action would be taken as under Stage 1 First formal oral warning While taking any disciplinary action, it is essential to give a formal oral warning to the employee, hear the department manager already given the oral warning to the Paul Wilkinson about their non-disciplinary behaviour but he didnt improve her behaviour, now as per the company policy the department manager will take the second step to follow the procedure. Stage-2 written warning After all investigation about the case if the person found guilty or un-discipline the next step would be to give a written notice. In the notice contain all the detail about the case and further action taken by the department manager. After giving formal oral warning the Paul Wilkinson does not make any improvement so, the manger gives him a written warning about their conduct. This written warning is the proof of the action which is taken by the manager so, in future if any legal conflict are arise, this written warning can remain as a proof. so as a department it is very wise to give a written warning before taking any non-disciplinary action. Stage 3 Final warning If there is still a failure to improve and conduct or performance is still unsatisfactory, or where the matter is sufficiently serious, the company give him a final warning about to improve the behaviour or follow the company rules. In this final warning company have to mentioned that if candidate do not follow the rules, company will dismiss him immediately. In this case if the Paul Wilkinson still not make any improvement the manager give him an final warning. Stage 4: Dismissal If conduct or performance is still unsatisfactory, dismissal will normally take place this is not any warning but final dismissal letter given to the candidate. As a department manager, before taking the dismissal action he informs to Paul Wilson and if he will fail to conduct performance after final warning, he will be dismissed by the company. The action would be taken in the case of Sheena Johnson Hear in this case Sheena Johnson found to theft the material from the department, so this is a legal crime to stealing the material from the company and the manager told him to report him tomorrow. So in this case the action would be taken as under. Investigating of stealing: as a department manager the first procedure would be to gathering evidence of offences, because the evidence is the proof of the case, without evidence manager can not take any further decision. Hear in this case security caught the Sheena Johnson to stealing the material so; the manager will see the evidence and then take the further decision. Seek Legal Advice before Confronting an Employee: before taking further action manager need to present that to your companys legal advisor first of all. Further more you conduct any interview with the person in a calm and rational manner. In the event that a suspected employee isnt caught in the act of theft nor have they confessed, once you feel you have gathered enough evidence to support your theory more firmly, you need to present that to your companys legal advisor first of all. If they feel you have a watertight case with enough evidence to prove their guilt then its important that you conduct any interview with the person in a calm and rational manner. This is because if they are guilty, advanced warning might enable them to concoct lies or alibis as to why they couldnt have been involved. Just simply and politely say that you just need a brief chat after work and not give them any indication that it might be about a particularly serious issue. The Interview: If you opt for the interview, however, you need to tell them the reason why you wanted to see them, explain the situation in a calm and rational manner and then give them the right to respond. At first, they might simply refute your claims and stand their ground but the more hard evidence you can introduce after theyve finished speaking, the more likely theyll buckle under the pressure and confess. They may not, of course, which is the point at which you may need to seek further legal advice about pursing the matter in court, if its a serious case. Reference:- http://www.human-resource-solutions.co.uk/Areas%20of%20Interest/Discipline.htm http://www.workplacesafetyadvice.co.uk/dealing-with-employee-theft.html

Investigate the Cell Sap Concentration of Solute in a Potato Chip using

Investigate the Cell Sap Concentration of Solute in a Potato Chip using Osmosis Aim The aim of the experiment is to investigate the cell sap concentration of solute in a potato chip using osmosis and produce a figure informed by the investigation as to what this is. Background Information A factor that effects how much water moves into a cell is the solute concentration within it. Water moves in and out of cells by diffusion, this diffusion is called osmosis. Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules from a place with a high water potential or high concentration of water to a low water potential or low concentration of water. If a solution has a high water potential this means it is weak or dilute solution so it only has a small solute (e.g. glucose) concentration. However, if a solution has a low water potential it is a strong more concentrated solution because it has a much higher solute concentration. Osmosis is the diffusion of water in these solutions from a high water potential to a low water potential or in terms of solute concentrations, from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution as a more concentrated solution would have a much lower water potential that a dilute one. The water passes through what is known as a partially permeable membrane, which basically is what separates living cells from their surrounding. The membrane is called partially permeable and not fully permeable because it only allows water to diffuse through it and not solute. The cell wall is an example of a fully permeable membrane because it allows water and solute to pass through it, it does not block any of these molecules. The diffusion of water molecules by osmosis always flows down a water potential gradient, which basically means from a high to a low water potential this is how the water moves up through a plant in the xylem vessels, once one cell is full of water, the water will move all at once to the next cell. The water is moving from a place of high concentration to a place of low concentration, like the valves in our hearts stop our blood flowing back the other way, the cell membrane of the cell make sure the water only flows up the plant, this is known as the transpiration stream. When water is lost through the stomata this leaves empty cells with low water potentials therefore the water is always moving up the plant from higher water potentials to ... ...nt parts of the potato as they may have different solute concentration and it may be discovered that the point of no net movement will be different in different areas of the potato or even in different areas of the same chip. The smaller the potato slices from the different areas of the potato then the more detailed an analysis could be of which part of the potato has the highest/lowest % solute concentration. The experiment could be done again using smaller concentrations, say with a range of 5%-7% and at intervals of 0.25% this way a figure for the actual % solute concentration in a potato chip could be pin-pointed to a much more exact figure. Finally an experiment could be done using different types of potatoes to decipher whether the type of potato depends on the % solute concentration it has. The trends could be taken for many types of potato and then an average taken of them to give a figure which most represents the solute concentrations in many potatoes. This figure could then be compared or even investigated at the same time as an experiment to see if there were different solute concentrations in different parts of the potato and the links, if any, between them analysed.

Discuss the Disruption of Biological Rhythms

Discuss the disruption of biological rhythms 24m One example of disruption of biological rhythms is due to shift work and shift lag. This disrupts your sleeping pattern because it means you are required to be alert at night, so need to sleep during the day. This reverses and disrupts your circadian rhythm, becoming desynchronised where it is no longer entrained by EZ’s. There are many consequences of desynchronisation such as sleep deprivation. Shift workers find it hard to sleep during the day because of the EZ’s such as light and sound disturbances that keep you awake.This means shift workers find it even more difficult to stay awake at night time because they have had a poor quality daytime sleep. This then affects their alertness. Night workers often experience a circadian ‘trough’ of decreased alertness during their shifts. For example Boivin found that cortisol levels are at their lowest between 12 and 4am, which is the primetime a night worker, would be working. This means they have low alertness and decreases the efficiency of their job. There are also many effects on health due to shift work. A significant relationship has been found between shift work and organ disease.For example, Knutsson found that people who worked shift work for more than 15 years were likely to develop heart disease than a non-shift worker. This may be due to the direct effect of desynchronisation in the circadian rhythm. Jet lag is another example of how biological rhythms can be adjusted, but their effects are found to temporary, as travelling happens once in a while, whereas shift work may be somebody’s job which they have to be doing constantly every day. However, our biological rhythms are not equipped to cope with sudden and large changes in our rhythms.It has been found that they need approx. 1 day to adjust as each time zone is crossed. This is because the dorsal portion of the SCN needs several cycles to fully resynchronise, as it is le ss sensitive to light. When the dorsal portion of the SCN is adjusting we experience disruption in the form of jet lag. It has been found that it is easier to fly from east to west, as you need to stay up later, so your biological rhythms can adjust by you getting more sleep in the morning, whereas west to east you must wake up earlier so is harder to adjust.This can be demonstrated in a study where an American baseball team who travelled west to east saw their wins drop 37% due to phase advance where they have to get up earlier in the morning, causing a reduction in their overall performance. There are many real world applications that have derived from the effects of shift work and jet lag, enabling people to live alongside these disruptions in their biological rhythms. These are mainly targeted at shift work. It has been found that lorry drivers are prone to falling asleep at the wheel on night shifts.Legislation has been put in place to prevent this from happening. They now have a monitor in the cars that produce a sound telling the driver when they should have a nap to ensure they are not sleep deprived and avoid accidents from occurring. It has also been found that people should have bright lights at their work on a night shift to act as an EZ overriding the endogenous pacemakers. This could be supported by Gronfier’s study which found circadian rhythms were able to be entrained longer than 24 hours by using bright light pulses known as modulated light exposure.However, Boivin found that artificial lighting is only moderately effective in overriding the rhythm. Dim lighting which is mainly used in places such as hospitals failed to keep participants awake. This may be because the pineal gland is detecting an absence of light meaning melatonin is being produced which induces sleep. Therefore, in response to this research nurses who work in hospitals should have bright lights around the workplace to keep them awake. Melatonin has been found to be a ‘miracle cure’ for shift lag and jet lag. This is the hormone that induces sleep.This means that people experiencing sleep disruption can take melatonin tablets in order to sleep during the day or when they have finished their shift. This is supported by Herxheimer and Petrie who found when melatonin was taken near to bed time it was very effective. However, if melatonin was taken at the wrong time of day it could delay their adaptation to changing sleep patterns. However, these two explanations and examples of sleep disruption may be reductionist as it fails to ignore other factors that may disrupt the person’s sleep patterns.The lack of sleep may be associated with them having to go to bed at unusual times. This may lead to the person experiencing social disruption as they find it difficult to meet with their friends or spend time with their family. This may lead to high cortisol levels as they are stressed with the lack of social interaction. High cortisol lev els may be intervening with their sleep quality making them sleep deprived. Therefore, there are other intervening factors other than going to bed in the daytime.This can also be displayed in jet lag, where social customs are involved in entraining the biological rhythms. When you are travelling you are encouraged to eat and sleep at the same time as the country you are in. This could also help reduce symptoms of jet lag such as nausea. Timing of meals can re set the biological clock in the liver. Eating at the same increases enzyme production at the right time for digestion and avoids stomach upset leading the nausea.Therefore, social customs are an important factor to consider in the effects of sleep disruption and how they play a major role. The effects of disruption of circadian rhythms can vary considerably between different individuals. Some people may have circadian rhythms that try to adjust and change in response to shift work or jet lag, or other people’s circadian rhythms which don’t change at all. Reinberg found that people who gave up shift work because they couldn’t cope had constantly changing rhythms, whereas ‘happy shift workers’ had rhythms that didn’t change at all.This suggests that it may not be the shift work itself that is causing the sleep deprivation; it may be due to individual’s circadian rhythm and its ability to adjust or cope in different rhythms. Therefore, people’s who’s rhythms changed constantly may have experienced imbalance in neurotransmitters or raised cortisol levels from stress, meaning they experienced sleep deprivation. It would have to be asked whether shift work and jet lap is a disruption in biological rhythms for every individual, or whether some people are able to cope without the rhythm trying to adapt at all.

Technical Paper - 2497 Words

Technical Paper: Risk Assessment Strayer University CIS 502 December 15, 2013 Risk Assessment Describe the company network, interconnection, and communication environment. In order to support their growing business, Global Finance, Inc. (GFI) has taken necessary actions to ensure their network remains fault tolerant and resilient from any network failures. GFI has acquired network devices in order to support their network and maintain interconnection among their employees and customers. The World Trade Organization defines interconnection as: â€Å"Linking with suppliers providing public telecommunications transport networks or services in order to allow the users of one supplier to communicate with users of another†¦show more content†¦GFI cannot afford system outages because its cash flow and financial systems heavily depend on the network stability. GFI has experienced DOS network attacks twice this year and its Oracle database and email servers had been down for a week. The recovery process required GFI to use $25,000 to restore its operations back to normal. GFI estimated the loss from these network attacks at more than $100,000 including lost customer confidence. GFI’s failure to incorporate proper firewall devices at Internet access points can be linked to DOS network attacks and Oracle database and email servers being down. Network security is just as important as securing the company’s web site and related applications. Networks, because of the sensitive data they usually give access to, a re one of the most targeted public faces of an organization. Here are the top 5 network security vulnerabilities that are often omitted from typical reviews, and some tips to avoid making the same mistakes: †¢ Network Security Omission #1: Missing patches—all it takes for an attacker, or a rogue insider, is a missing patch on a server that permits an unauthenticated command prompt or other backdoor path into the web environment. 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