FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS Essay

FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS - Essay Example y the company used to market for the age group 6-12 but later on since 2003 they began evolving products for the teenagers as well as young customers in their twenties. The company had its original marketing plan for the kids where they used to concentrate on fairy tale themes with mermaids, oceans and the sea colours making up for the product design. (Splash 2) Information, Information Systems and Information Technology are different aspects of organizational management. Information is critical to the managers and workers of the organization to function, Information systems provide them with a structure to derive information and information technology is the technology behind the entire operation. â€Å"A distinctive feature of our programme, however, is its insistence on the need to study management and information systems in context, taking account of both professional, good practice models, and of the particular environments in which those models are applied.† (Heeks & McCourt 14) The information system depends on Management and Information System which is different from the management information system part. The management and information system is more concerned with the people, information and technology where all three are different parameters whereas management information systems have more to do with monitoring and quality control. The information systems identified for Splash is an electronic commerce website model which is a niche segment of the market. The pace at which the internet technology has developed today has made the e-commerce model an extremely successful one in which there is still a huge scope and market for the company to sell their products. The concept of reaching out to millions of customers across the globe and selling their unique style of cosmetic products is something which the Splash management should go for in their goal of expanding their existing business. â€Å"The internet makes it very easy for people to find goods, and it

Human Dependent Lighting system

Human Dependent Lighting system CAREER EPISODE: 01 Human Dependent Lighting system INTRODUCTION: 1.1) A detailed description of the project Human Dependent Lightning System is presented in this career episode. I started this project with a team of three engineers including myself under the guidance of our tutor and head of department, during the initial months of 7th semester, Bachelor of Engineering (Electronics and Communication). This project was implemented as part of my academic curriculum Project 1 and it took us three months (July 2012 to September 2012) from inception, testing to implementation of the project. I was appointment as a group leader for this project by our tutor. BACKGROUND: 1.2) In every department of an industry, there is a wastage of electricity resulting in high electric bills. The wastage of electricity is mainly due to carelessness of users. For instance, lights in various departments would remain switched ON even after working hours, when employees were not present in the office. This leads to unnecessary wastage of electricity. In order to overcome this issue, we developed a human dependent lighting system to use the electricity smartly which can save huge amount of electricity. The human dependent lighting system is a project based on PIR sensors to detect human presence. A light intensity control circuitry is made to turn ON the required number of lights based on surrounding light intensity, thereby reducing the wastage of electricity. This project has a lot of potential and it can be applied to domestic and commercial use. 1.3) In Human Dependent Lighting System, we used PIR Sensor which is used to receive the infrared rays that are emitted by human body and Light Dependent Resistor(LDR) to measure the intensity of ambient light. On the output side, we used AC mains supply with loads, such as light connected with relays. These relays are operated based on the output of the controller with specific delays to provide safety to the loads and also to provide intelligent lighting system. 1.4) The system turns ON the required number of lights depending upon the surrounding ambient condition; hence switching OFF the unnecessary lights. The system maintains the required luminous intensity incorporating light received from the surrounding, thus using electricity smartly. Furthermore, we have used PIC12F675 controller equipped with a RISC architecture with inbuilt ADC and MPLAB IDE Version 8.63 software which is used for programming the controller. We have also used a display unit to show intensity levels and number of loads which are switched on. 1.5) Project Objectives The main objectives of the project are as follows: Build a prototype of an energy efficient lighting system with tomorrows technology, which will be eco-friendly and for a longer life span. Control the lighting system using PIR Sensor and Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) based on the Infrared (IR) light emanation by human or articles in its field of view, and Spread the awareness and benefits of using white LED. 1.6) Project Mechanism       1.7) My Roles and Responsibilities as a group leader (Engineer 1) included: Researching and selecting the most energy efficient micro controller. Programming the microcontroller using MPLAB IDE Version 8.63 software. Assisting in designing the circuit. Schedule weekly meetings and ensuring attendance of every team member Managing and ensuring that each stage of the project was completed within the stipulated timeline, and Maintaining the project documentation. PERSONAL ENGINEERING ACTIVITY 1.8) After the decision to build a prototype for Human Dependent Lighting System was made, the first step I took as a group leader was to select a microcontroller which could act as a brain for the unit and was also programmable. Post which, an exhaustive research referring to different data sheets of microcontrollers was carried out, which enabled me to come up with two appropriate microcontrollers for the project PIC12F629 and PIC12F675. Both the microcontrollers are PIC12 series microchips having same configuration except one attribute. PIC12F629 lacks Analog to Digital convertor, whereas PIC12F675 has inbuilt 10 bit 4 channels A/D converter which met one of the requirements of the project. Therefore, I selected PIC12F675 microcontroller, an 8-bit RISC architecture based controller used for detecting motion via PIR sensor. It was marked as the IN port for the micro controller. Whenever PIR (Passive Infrared Sensor) Sensor detects a motion due to the human presence or any movement in the room, it acts as an input which makes the lights turn ON. 1.9) One more reason to select PIC12F629 microcontroller, was to connect TRIMPOT to ADC (Analog to Digital converter) to determine the ON time for the system if there is no motion detected. For instance, if Trim POT is set for 10 seconds ON period and if no motion is detected inside the room where system is installed, then system will switch OFF the lights after 10 seconds. We used solar panels to charge the battery during the day time and during the night the system will use the battery to control the lighting systems. We also connected White LED/Relay Driver to OUT port of the PIC controller in order to control the driver or LED based on two inputs conditions: one based on PIR sensors and other from the Trim POT for ON time control. This driver circuit is based on Transistors. Furthermore, we used LT1086 voltage regulator in order to achieve +5V regulated supply for the system. The LT1086 is accessible in a 3-pin TO-220 bundle and a space-sparing surface mountable 3-pin DD bundle. Therefore, I went with this module, which is very handy and user friendly 1.10) Software Implementation I used MPLAB IDE Version 8.63 software to program the microcontroller which provides a development environment to perform and program various functions. This software offers memory mapping function to visualize each register. Errors were checked on troubleshooting and debugging the programs by building targets. If it was error free, various simulation ports of the controller were provided to check outputs. Software Implementation using MPLAB IDE version 8.63 1.11) Pseudo flow: I used this software since I wanted to achieve the following features: Power ON system stabilization time of 30 seconds. In 30 seconds, LED will blink with the 250ms ON and 250ms OFF time which is the indication of the stabilization period. Stabilize time is required for the PIR sensor which is connected as IN port to stabilize the sensors. Default state of White LED is OFF. If any motion is detected from PIR sensor it will trigger the IN port of PIC microcontroller. If the motion is detected it will send out a signal to the White LED/ Relay Driver, which will turn ON the light. If the motion is not detected and if the lights are ON then it will monitor the TRIM POT timing default which is set for 10 seconds and if for 10 seconds no motion is detected, the system will switch OFF the lights. 1.12) Hardware Implementation Designing of the circuit was an arduous task for us. We completed an exhaustive training program in order to design the circuit proficiently and keeping the IEEE code of conduct guidelines in our mind. The first task was to develop the circuit diagram using EasyEDA software. After following the necessary guidelines to design a circuit, we acquired the skills such as soldering using flux, component placement, placement of ground and power plane, avoid overlapping of analog and digital planes. Furthermore, we took safety measures such as wearing perfect gear for soldering or while connecting the circuit with external power supply. We also read instructions and manuals for understanding implementation of electric components in the safest way. The following picture depicts the basic hardware developed by us for human dependent lighting system. Hardware Implementation SUMMARY: 1.13) After building the prototype, we completed our project by testing and maintaining the documentation. The project was submitted with a presentation along with the working prototype and reports which was assessed by our tutor and head of the department. The overall project journey was a great experience in terms of learning new skill every day which was a boost to my technical and leadership skills. I faced many ups and downs especially during the training but working with a team was an added advantage for me to divide the load/task in parts and made the implementation of the project successful within the stipulated time. This project has lots of potential and it can be applied to commercial and domestic use.

Gender Roles in The Great Gatsby :: F. Scott Fitzgerald

Gender Roles: In some respects, Fitzgerald writes about gender roles in a quite conservative manner. In his novel, men work to earn money for the maintenance of the women. Men are dominant over women, especially in the case of Tom, who asserts his physical strength to subdue them. The only hint of a role reversal is in the pair of Nick and Jordan. Jordan's androgynous name and cool, collected style masculinize her more than any other female character. However, in the end, Nick does exert his dominance over her by ending the relationship. The women in the novel are an interesting group, because they do not divide into the traditional groups of Mary Magdalene and Madonna figures, instead, none of them are pure. Myrtle is the most obviously sensual, but the fact that Jordan and Daisy wear white dresses only highlights their corruption. ï‚ § What’s Fitzgerald’s implicit views of modern women in this novel? Daisy and Jordan dress the part of flappers, yet Daisy also plays the role of the Louisville rich girl debutante. A good question to ask is perhaps just how much Daisy realizes this is a â€Å"role,† and whether her recognition of that would in any sense make her a modern woman character. ï‚ § How significant is Nick’s final repudiation of Jordan Baker to the novel’s larger critique of modernity? ï‚ § Why is the novel so intrigued by Myrtle Wilson’s â€Å"immediately perceptible vitality† (30), on the one hand, yet almost viciously cruel in its mockery of her upper class pretension on the other hand? (see for example, pp.29-35 where Nick contrasts Myrtle’s â€Å"intense vitality† with her and her sister Catherine’s laughable attempts to posture themselves as modern society women. Indeed, Nick twice remarks Catherine’s plucked and redrawn eyebrows as affronts to her â€Å"nature† (see p.34, and again at the very end on pp.171-172). What’s up with that?) Even if they disagree about other issues, all feminists believe patriarchal ideology works to keep men and women confined to traditional gender roles so male dominance may be maintained. Utilizing the precepts of Feminist criticism, it could be argued â€Å"The Great Gatsby† promotes a thinly veiled patriarchal agenda. Through Fitzgerald’s treatment of the three women in â€Å"Gatsby†, as well as masking the possible homosexuality of a central character, the novel seems to promote only the traditional gender roles, swaying uncomfortably from any possible variance.

Pharmacology Case Essay

The research is about the herb, Salvia divinorum wherein there are debates whether it should be made illegal or not, and its possible use as a tool for pharmacological research. Salvia divinorum (SD) is known for its hallucinogenic effects, but unlike other abused substances, SD has lower potential for abuse. The research was conducted through the internet, wherein respondents fill out survey questionnaire forms. The qualitative information gathered from this research would then be used as a basis whether the substance should be controlled or not, and if so, how it would be controlled.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The content of the research is sufficient, wherein it has detailed information of what Salvia dinorum is and what are its specific effects to the people. It also gave a detailed explanation on how it affects the people’s brain and why it is different from other hallucinogenic substances. It also showed the statistical results of the survey conducted, wherein the respondents gave their sides regarding the comparisons of SD to other commonly abused substances (Baggott & Erowid, 2004).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The research material given is really useful in a sense that it could be used as a tool for pharmacological purposes. It could also be a basis for deciding on whether the substance should be made legal or be controlled for public consumption. Since it promotes altered perception of reality as a hallucinogenic compound, it is possible that it could result to uncontrolled actions which could harm the user or other people. As the research presented, the substance is not as addictive as that of other abused substances. Through more research, further understanding of the matter could be established.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The primary limitation of the research is that it was conducted through the internet, and the responses of the respondents could not be qualitatively taken into consideration, since they could just generate an imaginary response. The research is limited to the respondents who have access to the internet, and those who weren’t able to check the material online will not be able to answer. Another limitation is that the respondents were mostly males, so we don’t really know much about the side of the females. If it was to be under random sampling, then the males and females should be properly represented, unless only the males are using SD.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The credibility of the author is quite convincing, since he’s a student of Neuroscience PhD program and already has authored several scientific articles and book chapters. Looking at his achievement, we are safe to assume that he is credible enough to give information about Salvia divinorum and the issues related to it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The intended audiences of the research are those who are in the pharmacology field, as well as the people who are using Salvia divinorum. They are the ones who are directly involved with the substance that is why it is necessary for them to be informed of things concerning Salvia divinorum. For the pharmacologists, they could use SD as a tool to develop new drugs and learn more about the human brain and how it works. For the users, they have to understand that as a hallucinogen, SD still pose some threats in their lives as well as the people around them. They have to be responsible enough to know when and where to use it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The significant features of this research are that there is not much information yet available when it comes to utilizing Salvia divinorum for medical purposes. This means that this is a pioneering research aiming to establish an understanding about this mind-boggling herb.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In our society, it is common knowledge that many substances are being abused because of their mind-altering hallucinogenic effects. A candidate for this is the Salvia divinorum, though researches show that it is not that addictive comparing to other substances. It has other uses, one of which is for medical purposes. We could harness this potential instead of treating it as something destructive. It is high time to use it to our advantage, and not our destruction. Reference: Baggott, M., & Erowid, E. F. (2004). A Survey of Salvia divinorum Users.  Ã‚   Retrieved February 24, 2008, from http://www.erowid.org/plants/salvia/salvia_survey1.shtml   

Participation of Juveniles in Deviant Behavior Essay

From the very dawn of the formation of civil communities, some types of behavior had been classified as unlawful and had been discouraged. Even the earliest legislations had inflicted punishment for infringement of the extant laws, in wider interests of their society. This practice has continued to this day and it is common knowledge as to what does or does not constitute unacceptable or deviant behavior. Deviance has been described as the breach of the cultural standards and one such instance is crime. An important subset of crime is juvenile delinquency or crimes committed by juveniles. Juvenile deviant behavior occurs due to a number of causes and some of these are a disturbed home environment, difficulty in adjusting to the school environment that results in discontinuing school and in poor academic performance and associating with immoral persons. Traditionally, the perspective of criminology has been restricted to the contravention of laws laid down by society. On the other hand, research in the context of deviancy has adopted a much wider perspective and labels any abnormality that is socially prohibited as being deviant. Accordingly, the use of obscenities in speech, mingling with antisocial element and alcoholism constitute deviant behavior. In other words, the sociological approach to deviance encompasses the restricted perspective of traditional criminology (Deviant Behaviour , 1994). The various steps that culminate in the establishment of deviant identity are ignominy, social rejection, and membership of a subculture that is deviant and assumption of a deviant role. The assumption is that social processes act in such a manner that the individual is compelled to assume a deviant role, because of the exclusion of the more conventional positions. The result of the adoption of such a deviant role is that the individual may become a member of a deviant subculture and may eventually adorn the role of permanent deviancy (Deviant Behaviour , 1994). Some of the major causes for socially deviant behavior amongst juveniles have been identified, by researchers, as childhood abuse, neglect and trauma. The abuse of narcotic substances has been considered to be the root cause of trauma in juveniles and most of the juveniles in detention were either addicted to drugs or had been addicted to drugs prior to incarceration. Furthermore, poverty has been found to be closely associated with violent crime and homicide. It was observed in many ghettos in the US that the crime rate was on the increase wherever there was economic deprivation, whereas there was a reduction in crime rates in areas located outside these ghettos (Blank, 1997. P. 47). It had been opined by the chief of the child development and behavior branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development or the NIH that crime, pregnancy amongst teenagers, discontinuation of school and substandard academic performance were caused by the lack of adequate reading skills. Moreover, various research projects that had been conducted in the past, had established that a dearth of reading skills had a direct bearing on the proliferation of juvenile delinquency (Hodges, Giuliotti, & Porpotage, 1994). In 1951, a survey conducted by Melvin Roman, revealed that approximately eighty  ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€œ five percent of those who were receiving treatment in the clinic attached to the New York City Children’s Court, had impaired reading skills. It was also stated by many authorities that detained juveniles were invariably characterized by academic achievement that was unsatisfactory (Hodges, Giuliotti, & Porpotage, 1994). Economic deprivation produces a variety of deviant behavior in juveniles, who fall victim to anger, apathy, ignorance and desperation. Ignorance prevents juveniles from taking advantage of the education system to obtain skills that could prove to be adequately remunerative and this in turn results in discontinuation of schooling. Moreover, some of these juveniles might have parents who indulge in the abuse of drugs and this could embolden them to undertake risks that could prove fatal, in order to experience pleasure for a small duration of time.

Education Placement Is Key for Children with Asperger’s Essay Example

Education Placement Is Key for Children with Asperger’s Essay Example Education Placement Is Key for Children with Asperger’s Essay Education Placement Is Key for Children with Asperger’s Essay Walkowiak, J. , Wilkinson, A. , Minne, E.. (2010). Direct and Indirect Measures of Social Perception, Behavior, and Emotional Functioning in Children with Aspergers Disorder, Nonverbal Learning Disability, or ADHD. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38(4), 509-19. Retrieved October 28, 2010, from ProQuest Psychology Journals. (Document ID: 2000997421). Brewin, B. , Renwick, R. , Schormans, A.. (2008). Parental Perspectives of the Quality of Life in School Environments for Children With Asperger Syndrome. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 23(4), 242-252. Retrieved October 29, 2010, from ProQuest Psychology Journals. Document ID: 1606797121). Kishida, Y. , Kemp, C.. (2009). The Engagement and Interaction of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder in Segregated and Inclusive Early Childhood Center-Based Settings. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education: Systematic Instruction in Early Childhood Special Education, 29(2), 105-118. Retrieved October 28, 2010, from ProQuest Psychology Journals. (Document ID: 1863 808051). I really did not find anything wrong with the essay I think that it was well written and the author got right to the point good essay.

Free Essays on The Significance Of D-Day

The Significance of D-Day â€Å"I experienced an interesting psychological change in the few minutes before and immediately after take off. As I had climbed aboard and strapped myself into my seat I felt tense, strange and extremely nervous. It was as if I was in a fantasy dream world and thought that at any moment I would wake up from this unreality and find that I was back at the barrack room at Bulford camp, where we laughed and sang to raise our spirits- and perhaps to show others that we were not scared- personally I knew I was frightened to death. The very idea of carrying out a night time airborne landing of such a small force into the midst of the German army seemed to me to be little more than a suicide mission. Yet at the moment that the glider parted company with the ground I experienced an inexplicable change. The feeling of terror vanished and was replaced with exhilaration. I felt literally on top of the world. I remember thinking, ‘you’ve had it chum, it’s not good worrying anymore – the die has been cast and it was to be, will be, and there is nothing you can do about it.’ I sat back and enjoyed my first trip to Europe.† Yet another rifleman who was carried to the beach in the LCVP’s relates one of his incidents: â€Å"I got on the gun. I set the gun up, and we’re looking, we’re looking. He says, â€Å"See if you can spot him.† All of the sudden I spotted him, about 200 yards away, and I’d say about 30 or 40 feet higher than me. He wasn’t firing at me. He was firing down across. So when he opened up again – the Germans, when they fire, they fire fast, they don’t fire like we did, because they change the barrel of their machine guns in seconds. Ours were a pain. We had to take the whole gun apart and screw the barrel off, and then put another barrel on. They would get hot if you fired them like the Germans. We only fired bursts at three or four at a time. The Germans put their fi... Free Essays on The Significance Of D-Day Free Essays on The Significance Of D-Day The Significance of D-Day â€Å"I experienced an interesting psychological change in the few minutes before and immediately after take off. As I had climbed aboard and strapped myself into my seat I felt tense, strange and extremely nervous. It was as if I was in a fantasy dream world and thought that at any moment I would wake up from this unreality and find that I was back at the barrack room at Bulford camp, where we laughed and sang to raise our spirits- and perhaps to show others that we were not scared- personally I knew I was frightened to death. The very idea of carrying out a night time airborne landing of such a small force into the midst of the German army seemed to me to be little more than a suicide mission. Yet at the moment that the glider parted company with the ground I experienced an inexplicable change. The feeling of terror vanished and was replaced with exhilaration. I felt literally on top of the world. I remember thinking, ‘you’ve had it chum, it’s not good worrying anymore – the die has been cast and it was to be, will be, and there is nothing you can do about it.’ I sat back and enjoyed my first trip to Europe.† Yet another rifleman who was carried to the beach in the LCVP’s relates one of his incidents: â€Å"I got on the gun. I set the gun up, and we’re looking, we’re looking. He says, â€Å"See if you can spot him.† All of the sudden I spotted him, about 200 yards away, and I’d say about 30 or 40 feet higher than me. He wasn’t firing at me. He was firing down across. So when he opened up again – the Germans, when they fire, they fire fast, they don’t fire like we did, because they change the barrel of their machine guns in seconds. Ours were a pain. We had to take the whole gun apart and screw the barrel off, and then put another barrel on. They would get hot if you fired them like the Germans. We only fired bursts at three or four at a time. The Germans put their fi...